Syntaxonomical Synopsis of the potential natural plant communities of North America, ISalvador Rivas-MartínezItinera Geobotánica 10: 5-148 (1997) |
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III. Prosopido torreyanae-Fouquierietea splendentis.
III. Prosopido torreyanae-Fouquierietea splendentis Rivas-Martínez 1997
III. Prosopido torreyanae-Fouquierietea splendentis classis nova hoc loco
Climatophilous, edaphoxerophilous or slightly edaphohygrophilous communities -the last one specially situated at short-lived streams, "bajadas" (compound alluvial plains) or on the little salty beachs of "bolsones" (flat alluvium-floored depression)- which constitute latitudinaly the subtropical and low-temperate desert and semidesert woody vegetation, open scrubland to closed xerophitic savanna microforest of the Mexican Xerophitic region, of Tamaulipan, Chihuahuan, Sonoran and Baja Californian biogeographical provinces. In these bushlands and microforests, more or less opened depending on the climate or the soil water resource, are usually common the microphyllous decidous nano and microphanerophytes in the dry season, several caulirrosuletous, together with a large number of succulent and cacti species, some of them 10-20 m in height. This communities require a meso and thermotropical desertic or xeric, hyperarid to lower dry, hyperoceanic to subcontinental bioclimate. Open desertic communities still pertaining to this class of vegetation, but poor in characteristic species, are also found in the Californian Lower Colorado Valley hyperarid territories that are transitional between mesotropical desertic and infra-thermomediterranean desertic bioclimates (warm Californian Desert sector). In the xeric supratropical belt of the North Chihuahuan Desert and Trans-Pecos (Chihuahuan, Cohahuilan and Trans-Pecos sectors), the climatophilous vegetation belongs to the classis Querco hypoleucoidis-Pinetea cembroidis (inedit.). Two orders are recognized, the first one occidental Parkinsonietalia florido-microphyllae, with the alliances: Prosopido velutinae-Carnegion giganteae (Sonora) and Idrio-Pachycormion pubescentis (Baja California), and the second one oriental Guajaco angustifolii-Parkinsonietalia texanae, with the alliances Prosopido glandulosae-Parkinsonion texanae (thorned semidesertic Tamaulipan microforest) and Euphorbio antisyphiliticae-Agavion lechuguillae (open desertic Chihuahuan scrubland). Bioclimatical diagnosis: Ic 8-24, Itc 340-620, Tp 2200-3100, Io 0.1-2.4. Typus nominis: Parkinsonietalia florido-microphyllae hoc loco. Characteristic species: Acacia constricta, Acacia farnesiana, Acacia greggii, Bouvardia terniflora, Bursera odorata, Calliandra humilia, Ceiba acuminata, Celtis pallida, Chilopsis linearis (t), Condalia ericoides, Dasylirion leiophyllum, Dodonea viscosa, Echinocereus fendleri var. rectispinus, Ephedra aspera, Ephedra trifurca, Erythrina flabeliformis, Ferocactus wislizenii, Fouquieria splendens, Hymenochlea monogyra, Janusia gracilis, Karwinskia humboldtiana, Koeberlinia spinosa, Larrea tridentata (2x), Mammillaria grahamii, Opuntia engelmannii, Opuntia leptocaulis, Opuntia violacea, Parkinsonia aculeata, Peniocereus greggii, Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana, Prosopis pubescens, Rhus microphylla, Tecoma stans, Yucca elata.
IIIa. Parkinsonietalia florido-microphyllae ordo novus hoc loco
Diverse structure communities that, depending on soil water resource, go from opened thickets in desertic hyperarid areas to closed bush lands and microforest in semiarid territories and in the habitats with aquifers or extra soil humidity. In the occidental territories of the Mexican Xerophitic region can be recognized two well characterized alliances: Prosopido velutinae-Carnegion giganteae subcontinental and semicontinental and Idrio-Pachycormion pubescentis hyperoceanic and euoceanic, that respectively correspond to Sonora and Baja California biogeographical provinces. In the United States it is only represented the Carnegion giganteae alliance (Arizona, California). Bioclimatical diagnosis: Ic 8-24, Itc 380-510, Io 0.1-1.3. Typus nominis: Prosopido velutinae-Carnegion giganteae hoc loco. Characteristic species: Atamisquea emarginata, Beloperone californica, Bumelia occidentalis, Bursera hindsiana, Bursera microphylla, Condalia globosa, Dalea spinosa, Encelia farinosa, Escobaria vivipara var. arizonica, Franseria deltoidea, Jatropha canescens, Jatropha cinerea, Jatropha cuneata, Leimaiocereus thurberi, Lophocereus schottii, Lycium andersonii var. deserticola, Machaerocereus gummosus, Olneya tesota, Pachycereus pringlei, Parkinsonia microphylla, Pedilanthus macrocarpus, Sapium biloculare, Simmondsia chinensis (t), Trixis californica, Vauquelinia californica.
1. Prosopido velutinae-Carnegion giganteae alliancia nova hoc loco Climatophilous or slightly edafohygrophilous communities of short-lived steams (bajadas and beaches), that depending on the ombroclimate and water soil resource, have different structure. In the hyperarid or highly arid territories the climatofilous potential vegetation correspond to quite open desertic shrub formations, very fragile to the antropozoogenous pression, where the tall microphanerophytes and big cacti are missing; and, if present, can be found on the stations with the most moisted and deepest compensated soils. The climax of the little arid or slightly semiarid zones, if they are not very exploited or destroyed, constitute closed shrub formations or xerophitic savane microforest accompaigned by the "saguaro" (Carnegia gigantea), particularly in the territories where the summer droughs are more important than the winter ones. Theses communities have their best representation in the meso-thermotropical desertic subcontinental and semicontinental of the biogeographical Sonoran province areas (Mexican region Xerophitic). When the aridity raises (Io < 0.5) the biomass and the biodiversity decrease a lot, and they appear as climatofilous little open shrub formations usually dominated by eurioic species such as Larrea tridentata, Ambrosia dumosa, Opuntia echinocarpa, etc., that are frequent in almost all the territory, mainly in the altered areas. Inside this alliance two wide climatophilous associations can be early distinguished in an area that correspond to the two biogeographical sectors of the Sonoran province present in the United States: 5a. Cercidio microphylii-Carnegietum giganteae: Sonoran Arizonian sector: xeric mesotropical and upper arid, 5b. Fouquierio splendentis-Larreetum tridentatae (Californian Sonoran Warm Desert sector, that has presently an infra-thermomediterranean desertic arid and hiperarid bioclimate. Bioclimatical diagnosis: Ic 18-24, Itc 380-510, Tp 2200-2900, Io 0.1-1.4. Typus nominis: Cercidio microphylli-Carnegietum giganteae Peinado, Alcaraz, Aguirre & Delgadillo in J. Veg. Sci. 5: 92.1995 Characteristic species: Ambrosia deltoidea, Bursera laxiflora, Carnegia gigantea, Coursetia glandulosa, Croton sonorae, Echinocereus nicholii, Ephedra fasciculata, Ferocactus emoryi, Fouquieria macdugali, Franseria cordifolia, Guaiacum coulteri, Holacantha emori, Jatropha cordata, Mammillaria mainiae, Opuntia arbuscula, Opuntia fulgida, Opuntia santa-rita, Opuntia spinosior, Opuntia versicolor, Opuntia writhtiana, Parkinsomia florida subsp. florida, Prosopis velutina, Psilotrophe cooperi, Ziziphus obtusifolia.
1a. Cercidio microphylli-Carnegietum giganteae Peinado, Alcaraz, Aguirre & Delgadillo 1995
Wide mesotropical desertic and xeric association, characteristic of the biogeographical Sonoran Arizonian province representing the climatic mesotropical xeric and desertic vegetation, lower semiarid and upper arid with summer rainfalls higher than the winter or spring ones. In its optimum (Io 0.8-1.2) forms tall relative dense shrublands with great saguaros (Carnegia gigantea), of 14-16 m or more, over passing all the other microfanerophytes while in the cohesive substrata, open areas or abrupt slopes, many cacti appear. When the droughts decrease from Tucson towards the Colorado river mouth, the coverture and biomass of this association decreases considerably and tends to occupy the valley bottoms or the gorges in rocky territories. When the Colorado river is reached few saguaros remain and very few grow in the right side, because of a decrease in rainfall, and also because from the axis Yuma-Needles, in California, the annual ombric rhythm tends to be statistically inverted and, as a consequence, the winter rainfalls preponderate over the summer ones. It changes bioclimatically from a tropical desertic territory to another mediterranean desertic that is the dominant one in the Californian Warm Desert sector of the Sonoran province in which the potential vegetation, lower arid inframediterranean hyperarid desertic corresponds to the association Fouquierio-Larretum tridentatae. Bioclimatical diagnosis: Ic 18-24, Itc 380-510, Tp 2300-2800, Io 0.4-1.3. Typus ass.: J. Veg. Sci. 5: 92 tb. 18, relevé 4. 1995. Site: Brownell Mountain; Pima County (Arizona), area 200 m2, altitude 750 m; floristic combination: 2 Cercidium microphyllum, 1 Carnegia gigantea, 1 Ambrosia deltoidea, + Opuntia fulgida, 2 Acacia constricta, 1 Larrea tridentata, + Opuntia discata, + Opuntia arbuscula, + Opuntia leptocaulis, + Echinocereus nicholii, 1 Ferocactus covillei, 1 Acacia greggii, 2 Prosopis velutina, 1 Psilotrophe cooperi. Significant relevé: Rivas-Martínez reg. num. 1995a:11, 12.04.1995, achieved with Drs.: Fernández-González, Navarro, Penas & Sánchez-Mata. Site: Pima County (Arizona), Saguaro National Monument near Tuxon, 32º12'N-110º42'W, surface 200 m2, orientation SW, inclination 15%. Physiognomy and habitat: yellow paloverde and saguaro shrubland savanna with cacti, 3-7 (16) m high and 50 cm trunk diameter, sandy inceptisol on granit bedrock. Stimate bioclimatic factors: Tropical xeric, semicontinental (Ic ~ 20.0), upper mesotropical (Tp ~ 2300, It ~ 410), lower semiarid (Io ~ 1.2). Biogeographical location: Mexican Xerophitic region, Sonoran province, Arizonian Sonoran sector. Floristic combination: Prosopido-Fouquierietea splendentis characteristic species: 3 Prosopis velutina, 3 Parkinsinia microphylla, 2 Acacia farnesiana, 2 Carnegia gigantea, 2 Celtis pallida, 2 Encelia farinosa, 2 Ferocactus wislizenii, 2 Opuntia engelmannii, 2 Opuntia fulgida, 2 Trixis californica, 1 Calliandra humilis, 1 Dalea lumholtsii, 1 Echinocereus fendleri var. deserticola, 1 Mammillaria grahamii, 1 Opuntia versicolor, 1 Parkinsonia florida, + Condalia ericoides, Junussia gracilis, + Opuntia leptocaulis, + Simondsia chinensis; companion species: 2 Zinnia pumila, + Abutilon parvulum.
1b. Fouquierio splendentis-Larreetum tridentatae Peinado Peinado, Alcaraz, Aguirre & Delgadillo 1995 Climatophilous infra-thermomediterranean desertic arid association (Io < 0.4), very poor in characteristic species, with a wide representation in the Sonoran Warm Desert sector, occupying in the United States practically the most thermic and arid territory (Itc > 400, Io < 0.4) of California state and a little part of Arizona. When the summer rainfall increases in Arizona, after crossing the Colorado river (excepting Blyth country), it is substituted by the Sonoran Arozonian association Cercidio-Carnegietum giganteae. When the temperature decreases a little and the winter rainfall proportion increases, one changes towards the North to the Mojavense sector of the Great Bassin region (Holartic kingdom), easily recognizable by the associations Opuntio basilaris-Lareetum tridentatae Peinado & al. 1995, lacking in this territory the Mexican-xerophytic tropical desertic elements: Fouquieria splendens, Parkinsonia microphylla, Parkinsonia florida-Olneya tesota, etc. being lower arid and hyperarid: and Coleogyno ramossisimae-Yuccetum brevifoliae inedit., from more rainy areas, upper arid and lower semiarid. In the short lived streams and other aphemeral beds beside the Fouquierio-Larretum tridentatae is found the noticeable association Hymenocleo-Daleetum spinosae Peinado & al.1995, that sometimes is in contact with the edaphihygrophilous tree sized shrub lands of deep soils Parkinsonio floridae-Olmetum tesotae inedit., forming part of the inframediterranean semicontinental sonoran geosigmetum of the Californian Warm Desert sector, in transition with the semicontinental and subcontinental mesotropical desertic. Bioclimatical diagnosis: Ic 18-23, Itc 400-510, Io 0.1-0.4. Typus ass.: J. Veg. Sci. 5: 91 tb. 15, relevé 3. 1995. Site: Baja California, 38 Km north of Mexicali; 180 m, area 200 m2; floristic combination: 1 Larrea tridentata 1 Fouquieria splendens, 1 Ambrosia dumosa, + Opuntia acanthocarpa, 2 Encelia farinosa, + Opuntia echinocarpa.
2. Idrio columnaris-Pachycormion pubescentis alliancia nova hoc loco Shrub lands and savanna deciduous open microforests meso-thermotropical desertic very arid, and hyperarid, where there are many paquicaule endemism (Idria, Fouquieria, Pachycormus), caulirrosuletous and cacti. They have their optimum in the Bajocalifornian biogeographic province (Vizcaino and Magdalena sectors) in euoceanic and hyperoceanic territories transitional between the thermo inframediterranean desertic arid and the thermo mesotropical desertic arid and hyperarid bioclimates. North of the 30º parallel, the mediterranean character increases greatly because of the increasing winter rainfall and then one goes to the Californian region. The endemic alliance of the Southern Californian Coastal sector Agavion shawii (Heteromelo-Quercetea agrifoliae) agrees clearly with these facts. There are two wide associations recognized: the first of them middle-northern (Agavo-Idrietum columnaris), with a transitional mesotropical desertic and inframediteranean desertic bioclimate, very rich in deciduous paquicaule phanerophytes; and a second one clearly thermo-tropical desertic, arid-hyperarid (Burseretum hindsiano-microphyllae) that seems to have its optimum in areas with the influence of the California Gulf. Bioclimatical diagnosis: Ic 8-14, Itc 400-600, Io 0.1-0.8. Typus nominis: Agavo cerulatae-Idrietum columnaris Peinado, Alcaraz, Aguirre & Delgadillo in J. Veg. Sci. 5: 86.1995. Characteristic species: Bursera cerasifolia, Encelia palmeri, Fouquieria digueti, Franseria camphorata, Idria columnaris, Opuntia cirive, Opuntia invicta, Opuntia molesta, Opuntia schottii, Opuntia tesajo, Pachycormus discolor var. discolor, Pachycormus discolor var. pubescens, Prosopis palmeri, Viscainoa geniculata, Yucca valida.
2a. Agavo cerulatae-Idrietum columnaris Peinado, Alcaraz, Aguirre & Delgadillo 1996 Northernmost climatophilous association of the Vizcaino sector, well characterized by Idria columnaris and Pachycormus, showing a transitional bioclimate between the mesotropical desertic and the thermo-inframediteranean desertic. Bioclimatical diagnosis: Ic 8-14, It 400-560, Io 0.3-0.8. Typus ass.: J. Veg. Sci. 5: 86, tb. 6, relevé 5. 1995. Site: 20 km N of Cataviña (Baja California), area 100 m2, altitude 630 m; floristic combination: 2 Idria columnaris, 2 Pachycormus pubescens, 1 Agave cerulata, 1 Ferocactus gracilis, 1 Viscainoa geniculata, + Opuntia molesta, 1 Cuscuta veatchii, 2 Viguiera chenopodina, + Ferocactus tortulospinos, 1 Larrea tridentata, 2 Ambrosia dumosa, 1 Simondsia chinensis, + Solanum hindsianum, 1 Acalipha californica.
2b. Burseretum hindsiano-microphyllae Peinado, Alcaraz, Aguirre & Delgadillo 1996 Eastern climatophilous association of the Vizcaino sector (Lowercalifornian biogeographical province), with a very clear thermotropical desertic very arid character, in which the geat paquicale phanerophytes of the Agavo-Idrietum columnaris are very rare: Idria columnaris and Pachycormus discolor, substituted by the decidous microphanerophytes of the genera Bursera (B. hindsiana, B. microphyla) and Jatropha (J. cinerea, J. cuneata). Bioclimatical diagnosis: Ic 10-14, Itc 490-600, Io 0.1-0.4. Typus ass.: J. Veg. Sci. 5: 88, tb. 9, relevé 4. 1995. Site: Santispac, near Bahía Concepción (Baja California Sur), area 150 m2, altitude 60 m; floristic combination: 1 Bursera microphylla, 1 Bursera hindsiana, 1 Fouquieria diguetii, 1 Jatropha cuneata, 2 Opuntia ciribe, 1 Cercidium microphyllum, 1 Pachycereus pringlei, 1 Machaerocereus gummosus, 1 Larrea tridentata, 1 Lemaireocereus thurberi, 1 Dalea seemannii.
IIb. Guajaco angustifolii-Parkinsonietalia texanae ordo novus hoc loco Bushy desertic open communities and thorny close savanna microforest peculiar of the subtropical and low-temperated deserts and semideserts of the Tamaulipan and Chihuahuan biogeographical provinces. On recognized in the order two alliances: 3. Prosopido glandulosae-Parkinsonion texanae (meso-thermotropical xeric dry and semiarid) Taumalipan thorny microforest; 4. Euphorbio-Agavion lechuguillaae (mesotropical desertic arid) Chihuahuan scrubland communities. Bioclimatical diagnosis: Typus nominis: Prosopido glandulosae-Parkinsonion texanae hoc loco. Characteristic species: Acacia berlandieri, Acacia constricta, Acacia roemeriana, Acacia tortuosa, Artemisia filifolia, Dasylirion texanum, Echinocereus enneacanthus, Ephedra pedunculata, Eysenhardtia texana, Fraxinus greggii, Fraxinus papillosa, Guajacum angustifolium, Jatropha dioica, Leucophyllum frutescens, Parthenium incanum, Yucca treculeana.
3. Prosopido glandulosae-Parkinsonion texanae alliancia nova hoc loco Microforests and thorny closed scrublands, reaching 8 to 10 m of height, that constitute the climatophilous vegetation of the Tamaulipan biogeographical province: Tamaulipan and Trans-Pecos sectors. (Mexican Xerophytic region) in meso-thermotropical xeric semirarid and lower dry bioclimates of bixeric character. In these communities, besides many characteristic species of Yucca, Agave and Cactaceae, are common species of Fabaceae of the genera Acacia, Caesalpina, Eysenhardtia, Havardia, Leucaena, Mimosa, Parkinsonia, Pithecellobium, Prosopis, etc., as well as other non leguminoseae, often also thorny of the genera: Celtis, Condalia, Cordia, Diospyros, Ehretia, Fraxinus, Guajacum, Zanthosylum, etc. When the thermotropcial xeric lower dry bioclimate changes to upper dry (Io > 2.4), or tropical pluviseasonal subhumid (Io > 3.0), the mezquitales of this alliance are no more climatophilous that are substituted on sandy soils North of the Río Grande by the thermotropical mesoforests of Quercus virginiana (Zanthoxylo fagarae-Quercetum virginianae inedit.,) that can also occur as a secondary microforests or as forest edge vegetation communities of Prosopis glandulosa, with a low diversity of species. Towards the Río Grande, after its union with the Pecos river, the mesotropical bioclimate becomes, first, lower semiarid bixeric (winter and summer droughts) and then, after the inflexion of the Serranía del Burro, arid upwards at least until el Paso, just after the mesotropical belt ends (Itc > 320). With the lower semiarid ombroptype (Io < 1.5) end the tamaulipan climatophilous vegetation of the association Pithecellobio ebano-Prosopidetum glandulosae (Prosopido-Parkinsonion texanae) that, through ecotones with Juniperus pinchotti that may merit the rank of association (Jucco thomsonianae-Juniperetum pinchotti prov.), form the chihuahan desertic arid (Coahuilan sector) Echinocereo straminei-Agavetum lechugillae (Euphorbio antisyphiliticae-Agavion lechuguillae). Bioclimatical diagnosis: Ic 14-22, Itc 340-540, Io 1.2-2.4. Typus nominis: Pithecellobio ebano-Prosopietum glandulosae associatio nova hoc loco Characteristic species: Acacia rigidula, Acacia wrigthii, Caesalpinia mexicana, Colubrina texensis, Condalia hookeri, Cordia boissieri, Diospyros texana, Ehretia anacua, Forestiera angustifolia, Havardia pallens, Helietta parvifolia, Leucaena pulverulenta, Leucaena retusa, Mimosa aculeaticarpa var. biuncifera, Parkinsonia texana, Pithecellobium ebano, Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa (t), Prosopis reptans var. cinerascens, Viguiera stenoloba, Yucca constricta, Yucca faxoniana, Yuca thomsoniana.
3a. Pithecellobio ebano-Prosopietum glandulosae associatio nova hoc loco Closed thorny savanna microforest, tropical xeric euoceanic and semicontinental, climatophilous, of semidesertic appearance, where are preponderant the mezquite or "honey mezquite" (Prosopis glandulosa) as well as other thorny little trees (Acacia berlandieri, Acacia ericoides, Guajacum angustifolium, Parkinsonia texana, Pithecellobium ebano, etc.) and cacti. It is found in Texas, Taumalipas, Nuevo León, and Cohuila in the meso- and thermotropical upper semiarid and lower dry belts in the Taumalipan biogeographical sector (Taumalipan province). When the climate becomes arider towards the center of the Río Grande Trans Pecos (Io < 1.5) the mezquite formations disappear and are replaced first by the semidesertic upper mesotropical and lower semirarid vegetation dominated by Juniperus pinchotii (Yucco thomsonianae-Juniperetum pinchotii), and, then with increasing aridity, they are substituted by the desertic vegetation of the Euphorbio antisyphiliticae-Agavion lechuguillae, marking the beginning of the Chihuahuan biogeographical province (Coahuilan sector). Bioclimatical diagnosis: Ic 14-21, Itc 400-540, Io 1.5-2.4. Relevé typus: Rivas-Martínez reg. num. 1995a:11, 07.04.1995, achieved with Drs.: Fernández-González, Navarro, Penas & Sánchez-Mata. Site: Dimmit County (Texas), hill slopes near River Nueces in Asherton, 28º30'N-99º45'W, surface 200 m2, altitude 170 m, orientation NE, inclination 20%. Physiognomy and habitat: mezquital microforest with guajillo (Acacia berlandieri), Texasebory (Pithecellobium ebano), Texas paloverde (Parkinsonia texana), etc., with cacti in the understory, 5-7 m high and 30 cm trunk diameter, calcic aridisol; adjacent edaphohygrophilous riparian forest vegetation: Fraxinus berlandieriana-Ulmus crassifolia community. Stimate bioclimatic factors: Tropical xeric oceanic, lower termotropical (Itc ~ 490), lower dry (Io ~ 2.1), semicontinental (Ic ~ 17.0). Biogeographical location: Mexican Xerophitic region, Tamaulipan province, Tamaulipan sector. Floristic combination: Prosopido torreyanae-Fouquierietea splendentis characteristic species: 4 Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa, 3 Condalia ericoides, 3 Opuntia engelmannii, 2 Acacia berlandieri, 2 Acacia tortuosa, 2 Guajacum angustifolium, 2 Echinocereus enneacanthus, 1 Diospyros texana, 1 Koeberlinia spinosa, 2 Opuntia leptocaulis, 1 Parkinsonia texana, 1 Pithecellobium ebano, 1 Yucca treculeana, + Condalia hookeri; companion species:, + Aloysia gratissima.
4. Euphorbio antisyphiliticae-Agavion lechuguillae alliancia nova hoc loco Desertic scrubs in which are abundant, besides some micro- and nano- spinescent phanerophytes, the crassicuale plants, mainly catcaceae and the rosette crassifolious, frequently caulirrosulatae (Agave, Hechtia, Yucca, etc.). They have a wide distribution in the Desert of Chihuahua where they may represent the climatophilous vegetation in the mesotropical desertic semicontinental highly arid territories (Io < 0.8), or the permanent or substituting secondary communities in the xeric semiarid. For the moment in this alliance, a single association is recognized: Echinocereo straminei-Agavetum lechuguillae that in the Coahuilan biogeographical sector represents the potential climatophilous mesotropical arid vegetation. Going up on the Chihuahuan mountains to the supramediterranean semiarid belt, these thorny and crassiform deserts and semideserts are substituted by the sclerophylous microforests of Pinus and Quercus of the class Querco hypoleucoidis-Pinetea cembroidis (inedit.). Bioclimatical diagnosis: Ic 15-21, Itc 320-480, Io 0.6-1.6. Typus nominis: Echinocereo straminei-Agavetum lechuguillae associatio nova Characteristic species: Acacia neovernicosa, Agave falcata, Agave lechuguilla, Buddleja marrubifolia, Echinocactus horizontalonius, Echinocereus stramineus, Euphorbia antisyphilitica, Flourensia cernua, Hechtia glomerata, Hechtia texensis, Krameria ramosissima, Myrtillocactus geometrizans, Opuntia rufida, Parthenium argentatum, Perezia nana, Yucca campestris, Yucca carnerosana, Yucca filifera.
4a. Echinocereo straminei-Agavetum lechuguillae associatio nova hoc loco Open scrub rich in cacti and succulent rosette plants constituting the climatophilous vegetation of the mesotropical desertic arid belt of the Big Ben National Park and similar areas of the Coahuilan biogeographical sector. Bioclimatical diagnosis: Ic 18-21, Itc 340-490, Io 0.6-1.2. Relevé typus: Rivas-Martínez reg. num. 1995a:18, 08.05.1995, achieved with Drs.: Fernández-González, Navarro, Penas & Sánchez-Mata. Site: Brewter County (Texas), slopes of Santiago Mountains, near Tornillo and Fossil Bone Exhibit, in Big Ben National Park, 29º20'N-103º10'W, surface 200 m2, altitude 880 m, orientation N, inclination 30%. Physiognomy and habitat: open scrubland community with a caulirosoulous succulent leaved and cacti, 1-3 m high, leptoandosol on volcanic bedrock; adjacent playa flat vegetation Opuntia schottii-Hilaria mutica-Larrea tridentata community. Stimate bioclimatic factors: Tropical desertic semicontinental (Ic ~ 20), upper mesotropical (Itc ~ 420), upper arid (Io ~ 1.0). Biogeographical location: Mexican Xerophitic region, Chihuahuan province, Coahuilan sector. Floristic combination: Prosopido-Fouquierietea splendentis characteristic species: 3 Agave lechuguilla, 2 Echinocereus enneacanthus var. stramineus, 2 Ephedra aspera, 2 Fouquieria splendens, 2 Opuntia engelmannii, 1 Dasylirium leiophyllum, 1 Guajacum angustifolium, + Acacia constricta, + Mimosa biuncifera, + Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana, + Scobaria vivipara; companion species: 3 Boutelona breviseta, 2 Erioneuron pulchellum, 2 Atriplex acanthocarpa, 2 Opuntia violacea, 2 Viguiera stenoloba.
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