2. Syntaxon descriptions

Dactylido hispanicae-Stipetum junceae ass. nova hoc loco (56.5.2)

(Stipion parviflorae, Lygeo-Stipetalia, Lygeo-Stipetea)

Typus associatio: Table 34, rel. 7 [León: Villafer, Dehesa de Belvís. 30TTM875605. 760 m, 15 m2].

Characteristic species: Stipa juncea.

Diagnosis: Communities formed by Stipa juncea ("lastonares") growing on miocenic marles in dry or, exceptionally, subhumid territories of the lower supramediterranean belt in the Castilian Duriensean Sector, series of the evergreen-oak or Quercus rotundifolia: Junipero thuriferae-Querco rotundifoliae S. This is the most north-western association of the Stipion parviflorae grouping at its optimum thermo and mesomediterranean, semiarid and dry associations. The scarcity of characteristic taxa of the higher sintaxa makes the finicole character of this community evident. It differs from the Brachypodio-Stipetum ibericae, Plantagini-Stipetum parviflorae and Salvio verbenacae-Plantaginetum albicantis, by the absence of a great number of thermophilous taxa with meridional distribution such as Stipa pennata subsp. mediterranea, Arenaria conimbricensis, Convolvulus cantabrica, Helianthemum italicum, Thymus vulgaris, Stipa parviflora, Plantago albicans, Asphodelus fistulosus, Convolvulus althaeoides, and by the presence of Stipa juncea (Stipa celakovskyi) and Asphodelus cerasiferus, as well as other companion species such as Thymus zygis or Plantago radicata, abundant in this association.

Table 34

56.5.2 Dactylido hispanicae-Stipetum junceae
(Stipion parviflorae, Lygeo-Stipetalia, Lygeo-Stipetea)

Other species: Characteristic species: Asphodelus cerasiferus 1 in 9. Companion species: Centaurium erythraea 1, Vulpia bromoides 1 in 3. Corynephorus canescens 1 in 5. Thymus mastichina 2, Helichrysum serotinum 1 in 6. Conopodium capillifolium 2, Phlomis herba-venti 2, Carlina hispanica 1, Tolpis barbata 1 in 7. Bromus erectus 2, Hieracium pilosella 1, Koeleria caudata 1, Melica magnolii 1 in 8. Poa trivialis 3, Helianthemum apeninnum 2, Eryngium campestre 1, Hypochoeris radicata 1, Halimium viscosum +, Orchis morio + in 9.

Localities: 1. León, Nava de los Caballeros. 30TUN02. 20 m2. 2. León, Valderas, Monte del Duque, 30TTM96. 20 m2. 3. León, Valderas, Monte del Duque. 30TTM96. 30 m2. 4. León, Jabares de los Oteros. 30TTM99. 20 m2. 5. León, Ardoncino. 30TTN80. 30 m2. 6. León, Villacalbiel. 30TTM859939. 15 m2. 7. Holotypus ass. León, Villafer, Dehesa de Belvís. 30TTM875605. 15 m2. 8. León, Villacontilde. 30TUM01. 30 m2. 9. León, Calzada del Coto, Maudes. 30TUM269917. 30 m2. 10. Synthesized table.

[Penas, M.E. García, De Paz, L. Herrero, R. Alonso & F. Salegui]

Daphno gnidii-Quercetum cocciferae ass. nova hoc loco (75.7.5)

[Rhamno-Cocciferetum matritense Rivas Goday in Rivas Goday, Borja, Esteve, Galiano, Rigual & Rivas-Martínez in Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 17(2): 335, tb. 5. 1960 (art. 3b, 34)]
(Rhamno lycioidis-Quercion cocciferae, Pistacio-Rhamnetalia alaterni, Quercetea ilicis)

Typus associatio: Table 35, rel. 1 [Madrid: San Agustín de Guadalix, cretacic limestones. 850 m, E, 100 m2].

Characteristic species: Colutea hispanica, Daphne gnidium, Ephedra nebrodensis, Jasminum fruticans, Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. lagunae, Quercus coccifera.

Diagnosis: Kermes oak (Quercus coccifera) calcicolous or gypsicolous garrigues distributed in the mesomediterranean belt of the Manchean Sector, where they constitute the first seral stage of the stone oak microforests Asparago acutifolii-Quercetum rotundifoliae, as well as of some mesomediterranean representations of the Quercus faginea forests (Cephalanthero-Quercetum fagineae). Although they had been traditionally assigned to the aragonese association Rhamno lycioidis-Quercetum cocciferae, they can be separated by the higher frequency of species as Asparagus acutifolius, Daphne gnidium, Colutea hispanica and Jasminum fruticans, meanwhile the latter association has as differential elements Juniperus phoenicea, Pinus halepensis, etc.

Table 35

75.7.5 Daphno gnidii-Quercetum cocciferae
(Rhamno-Quercion cocciferae, Pistacio-Rhamnetalia, Quercetea ilicis)

Other species. Characteristics species: Silene mellifera + in 2. Aristolochia paucinervis + in 6. Ephedra fragilis 1 in 9. Companion species: Dactylis hispanica 1 in 2 and 5. Rosmarinus officinalis 1 in 3, + in 4. Asphodelus cerasiferus + in 4 and 6. Linum narbonense 1 in 7 and 9. Rosa agrestis 2 in 8, 1 in 9. Staehelina dubia 1, Retama sphaerocarpa +, Stipa bromoides +, Teucrium capitatum + in 1. Brachypodium retusum 1, Arrhenatherum album +, Avenula bromoides + in 2. Crataegus monogyna +, Geranium purpureum + in 3. Ononis fruticosa 1, Aphyllanthes monspeliensis +, Stipa parviflora + in 5. Fritillaria lusitanica +, Leuzea conifera +, Ranunculus gramineus +, Serratula pinnatifida + in 6. Cistus albidus 2 in 7. Bryonia dioica 1, Euphorbia nicaeensis + in 8.

Localities: 1. Holotypus ass.: Madrid: San Agustín de Guadalix, cretacic limestones. E, 100 m2. 2. Madrid: San Agustín de Guadalix, cretacic limestones. NE, 150 m2. 3. Madrid: Perales de Tajuña. N, 70 m2. 4. Madrid: Perales de Tajuña. NW, 60 m2. 5. Madrid: Perales de Tajuña. NW, 80 m2. 6. Toledo: Villatobas. S, 30%, 60 m2. 7. Toledo: Yepes. W, 50%, 50 m2. 8. Toledo: Cabañas de Yepes. N, 40 m2. 9. Toledo: Dosbarrios. N, 50 m2. 10. Synthesized table.

[Rivas-Martínez, Cantó, Fernández-González & Sánchez-Mata]

Deschampsio refractae-Molinietum caeruleae (Rivas Goday & Borja 1961) nom. nov. hoc loco (59.1.2)

[Deschampsio-Molinietum gudaricum Rivas Goday & Borja in Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 19: 243, tb. 60. 1961 (art. 34, 39)]
(Molinion caeruleae, Molinietalia caeruleae, Molinio-Arrhenatheretea)

Typus: Rivas Goday & Borja in Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 19: 243-247, tb. 60, lectotypus hoc loco: rel. 5. 1961.

Characteristic species (territorials): Deschampsia refracta, Molinia caerulea.

Distribution: Oroiberian Maestracensean supratemperate submediterranean subhumid and humid.

[Rivas-Martínez]

Diantho langeani-Festucetum rivas-martinezii ass. nova hoc loco (49.5.4)

(Hieracio castellani-Plantaginion radicatae, Jasiono sessiliflorae-Koelerietalia crassipedis, Festucetea indigestae)

Typus associatio: Table 36, rel. 2 [León: Murias de Paredes, Montrondo, Los Solanos creek. 29TQH2747. 1350 m, S, 5%, 20 m2].

Characteristic species: Dianthus langeanus, Festuca rivas-martinezii (terr.).

Diagnosis: Sparse grasslands subjected to frequent cryoturbation processes, dominated by grass-like hemicryptophytes and pulviniform chamaephytes, colonizing lithosols on slates, sandstones and quartzites. This association is well distinguished by the endemic Dianthus langeanus and Festuca rivas-martinezii and seems to be at its optimum in the supratemperate humid belt of the Lacian-Ancarensean Sector, in the Orocantabric and Galician-Asturian supratemperate Quercus pyrenaica forests (melojares) Linario triornithophorae-Querco pyrenaicae sigmetum. Frequently, this vegetation type comes into contact with the Agrostio durieui-Sedetum pyrenaici crassifolious grasslands. It is geovicarious of the supramediterranean Orensan-Sanabriensean association Diantho merinoi-Plantaginetum radicatae, from which it differs by the presence of Dianthus langeanus, and the absence of the Orensan-Sanabriensean endemic Dianthus merinoi. Dianthus langeanus is also a good differential element from the Ubinnean and Campurrian-Carrionese association Sclerantho perennis-Plantaginetum radicatae.

Table 36

49.5.4 Diantho langeani-Festucetum rivas-martinezii
(Hieracio-Plantaginion radicatae, Jasiono-Koelerietalia, Festucetea indigestae)

Other species. Characteristics species: Thymus zygis + in 3. Sedum album 1 in 5. Companion species: Logfia minima + in 2 and 6. Micropyrum tenellum 1 in 3, + in 4. Allium sphaerocephalon + in 4 and 5. Anarrhinum bellidifolium + in 4 and 5. Hypochoeris radicata + in 5 and 6. Silene nutans + in 5 and 6. Calluna vulgaris +, Genista carpetana + in 1. Scleranthus polycarpos 1, Conopodium majus +, Solidago virgaurea + in 2. Agrostis capillaris +, Spergula morisonii +, Vulpia bromoides + in 3. Ranunculus olyssiponensis +, Sedum hirsutum +, Sedum tenuifolium + in 4. Bromus hordeaceus +, Crucianella angustifolia +, Galium gr mollugo +, Lotus corniculatus + in 5. Anthoxanthum odoratum +, Hieracium pilosella +, Petrorhagia prolifera +, Rumex acetosa +, Veronica arvensis +, Vulpia muralis + in 6.

Localities: 1. León: Murias de Paredes, Pto. de la Magdalena. 29TQH2749. NW, 2%, 6 m². 2. Holotypus ass. León: Murias de Paredes, Montrondo, Los Solanos creek. 29TQH2747. S, 5%, 20 m². 3. León: Riello, Ariego de Arriba, Las Pachonas. 30TTN5541. S, 5%, 4 m². 4. León: Riello, Omañón, Arroyo de Sabugo. 29TQH3744. SE, 20%, 20 m². 5. León: Murias de Paredes, Rodicol, Barranco de Ferbienza. 29TQH3548. SW, 30%, 10 m². 6. León: Murias de Paredes, Rodicol, Barranco de Rodicol. 29TQH3548. SW, 20%, 3 m². 7. Synthesized table.

[Penas, Puente, R. Alonso, A. Fernández, Lence, Del Río, J. Alonso & F. Salegui]

Diantho lusitani-Antirrhinetum rupestris ass. nova hoc loco (32.3.6)

[Diantho lusitani-Antirrhinetum rupestris Molero, Marín & M. López in J.M. Losa, Molero, Casares & Pérez-Raya. Paisaje vegetal de Sierra Nevada. La cuenca alta del Río Genil: 182, tb. 49. 1986 (art. 5)]
(Rumici indurati-Dianthion lusitani, Phagnalo saxatilis-Rumicetalia indurati, Phagnalo-Rumicetea indurati)

Typus associatio: Granada: Güéjar-Sierra, Río Genil, Minas de la Estrella. 37º 09' N-3º 26' W. N, 1800m, 25 m2. Characteristic species: 2 Antirrhinum rupestris, 1 Dianthus lusitanus, 1 Phagnalon saxatile, 1 Sedum hirsutum, + Asplenium foreziense, + Crambe filiformis, + Melica minuta, + Umbilicus rupestris. Companion species: 1 Silene vulgaris, + Crepis albida, + Lactuca tenerrima, + Sanguisorba verrucosa.

Characteristic species: Antirrhinum rupestris.

Diagnosis: Chasmocomophytic association well characterized by the endemic Antirrhinum rupestris, living in silicic schistose rocks on the supramediterranean subhumid belt of Sierra Nevada, mainly in the environment of the vegetation series of the Nevadensian Pyrenean oak (Adenocarpo decorticantis-Querco pyrenaicae sigmetum).

[Molero, Marín & M. López]

Elaphoglosso semicylindrici-Polypodietum azoricae ass. nova hoc loco (30.3.2)

(Hymenophyllion tunbrigensis, Anomodonto-Polypodietalia, Anomodonto-Polypodietea)

Typus associatio: Table 37, rel. 2. [Açores, Illa do Pico: Misterios da Prainha. 38º 22'N-28º 12'W. N, 540 m, 1 m2, in Dryopterido azoricae-Lauretum azoricae].

Characteristic species: Elaphoglossum semicylindricum, Hymenophyllum tunbrigense, Polypodium azoricum.

Diagnosis: Epiphytic bryo-pteridophytic community developed on the branches and stems of evergreen trees from the primary forests of the Azores Islands (Lauro azoricae-Juniperetea brevifoliae) in the thermo and mesotemperate hyperhumid bioclimatic belts in temperate hyperoceanic bioclimate.

Table 37

30.3.2 Elaphoglosso semicylindrici-Polypodietum azoricae
(Hymenophyllion tunbrigensis, Anomodonto-Polypodietalia, Anomodonto-Polypodietea)

Localities: 1, 2. Açores, Illa do Pico: Misterios da Prainha. 38º 22'N-28º 12'W. N, 1 m2 in Dryopterido azoricae-Lauretum azoricae. Holotypus ass. rel. 2. 3, 4. Açores, Illa do Pico: Misterios do Prainha. 38º 21'N-28º 10"N. S, 0,5 m2 in Cerastio-Juniperetum brevifoliae. 5. Açores, Illa Terceira: Domo de Terra Brava. 38º 45'N-27º 17'W. SW, 1 m2 in Dryopterido azoricae-Lauretum azoricae. 6. Açores, Illa Terceira: Sanguinhal. 38º 44'N-27º 14'W. N, 1 m2 in Dryopterido azoricae-Lauretum azoricae. 7. Synthesized table.

[Rivas-Martínez, Lousã, F. Prieto, J.C. Costa, Días & Aguiar]

Eleocharito multicaulis-Rhynchosporetum albae C. Valle & F. Navarro ass. nova hoc loco (14.1.3)

[Eleocharito multicaulis-Rhynchosporetum Tüxen in Tüxen & Oberdorfer in Veröff. Ber. Geobot. Inst. E.T.H. Stiffung Rübel 32: 165, tb. 50. 1958 (art. 3f, 7), Eleocharito multicaulis-Rhynchosporetum albae Tüxen ex C. Valle & F. Navarro in Lazaroa 5: 168, tb. 1. 1984 (art. 5)]
(Rhynchosporion albae, Scheuchzerietalia palustris, Scheuchzerio-Caricetea nigrae)

Typus associatio: C. Valle & F. Navarro in Lazaroa 5: 168, tb. 1, holotypus hoc loco: rel. 2. 1984. [Zamora: Between Villardeciervos and Ferreras de Arriba. In 10 m2]. Characteristic species: 3 Carex echinata, 1 Drosera rotundifolia, + Lycopodiella inundata, 2 Rhynchospora alba. Companion species: 1 Anagallis tenella, 2 Carex panicea, 2 Eleocharis multicaulis, 1 Juncus bulbosus, 1 Juncus acutiflorus, 2 Molinia caerulea, 1 Veronica scutellata.

Characteristic species (territorials): Lycopodiella inundata, Rhynchospora alba.

Diagnosis: Supramediterranean Carpetan-Leonese local community pioneer in permanent humid oligo-dystrophic peat moss soils, often beside Genisto anglicae-Ericetum tetralicis peat heath.

[Rivas-Martínez]

Elytrigio campestris-Brachypodietum phoenicoidis ass. nova hoc loco (51.3.2)

[Agropyro-Brachypodietum phoenicoidis Rivas-Martínez & Izco ex G. López in Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 34(2): 660. 1978 (art. 2b)]
(Brachypodion phoenicoidis, Brachypodietalia phoenicoidis, Festuco-Brometea)

Typus associatio: Cuenca: Zafra de Záncara, at the bottom of the gypseous hills near of Záncara River. 39º 52'N-2º 35'W. 850 m, SW, 20 m2. Characteristic species: 3 Brachypodium phoenicoides, 2 Elytrigia intermedia, 1 Elytrigia campestris, 1 Medicago sativa, + Gladiolus illyricus, + Gypsophila bermejoi. Companion species: 1 Centaurea aspera, 1 Dactylis hispanica, 1 Koeleria castellana; + Elytrigia curvifolia, + Plantago albicans, + Plantago maritima, + Reseda stricta, + Stipa juncea, + Thapsia villosa.

Characteristic species (territorials): Brachypodium phoenicoides, Elytrigia campestris, Elytrigia curvifolia, Elytrigia intermedia.

Diagnosis: Meso-lower supramediterranean dry semicontinental anthropogenic perennial tall grass pastures, mostly seral of deciduous Fraxino-Ulmenion minoris riparian forests, spread in Mediterranean Central Iberian and bordering territories, growing on basophilous clayey and rather gypseous deep soils with gleyic properties.

[Rivas-Martínez & Izco]

Epilobio brachycarpi-Chenopodietum opulifolii ass. nova hoc loco (39.8.8)

(Chenopodienion muralis, Chenopodion muralis, Chenopodietalia muralis, Stellarietea mediae)

Typus associatio: Table 38, rel. 2. [Madrid: Alpedrete, Los Negrales. 40º 38'N-4º 02'W. 860 m, SE, 40 m2].

Characteristic species (territorials): Chenopodium opulifolium, Chenopodium botrys, Epilobium brachycarpum (= Epilobium paniculatum).

Diagnosis: Meso-supramediterranean dry semicontinental ruderal annual summer blooming anthropophyte community developed on urban waste and altered siliceous sandy soils, spread in Mediterranean West and Central Iberian biogeographic provinces.

Table 38

39.8.8 Epilobio brachycarpi-Chenopodietum opulifolii
(Chenopodion muralis, Chenopodietalia muralis, Stellarietea mediae)

Other species. Characteristic species: Inula graveolens 1 in 2, + in 4. Anthemis mixta + in 2 and 6. Sonchus oleraceus 1 in 3 and 7. Chenopodium murale 1 in 4 and 7. Tribulus terrestris + in 5, 1 in 6. Verbena officinalis + in 6 and 7. Anacyclus clavatus + in 2. Portulaca oleracea 1, Solanum nigrum + in 5. Companion species: Scolymus hispanicus + in 1, 2 and 6. Centaurea solstitialis + in 1. Xanthium italicum + in 5. Rumex crispus 1, Convolvulus arvensis + in 6. Verbascum pulverulentum + in 7.

Localities: 1. Madrid: Collado-Villalba, Polígono Industrial. 40º 38' N-4º 01' W, E, 5%, 40 m2. 2. Holotypus ass. Madrid: Alpedrete, Los Negrales. 40º 38' N-4º 02' W, 2%. SE, 40 m2. 3. Madrid: Collado-Villalba, Polígono Indusrial. 40º 38' N-4º 01' W, S, 5%, 20 m2. 4. Madrid: Collado-Villalba, El Gorronal. 40º 38' N-4º 01' W, 5%, NE, 20 m2. 5. Madrid: Alpedrete. 40º 39' N-4º 02' W, 5%, E, 40 m2. 6. Madrid: Galapagar. 40º 37' N-4º 01' W, S, 5%, 20 m2. 7. Madrid: Guadarrama. 40º 40' N-4º 04' W, S, 5%, 20 m2. 8. Synthesized table.

[Rivas-Martínez, C. Navarro & Cantó]

Eryngio-Ulicenion erinacei (Rothmaler 1943) suball. nova, stat. nov. hoc loco (64.2a)

[Eryngio-Ulicion erinacei Rothmaler 1943 (art. 27)]

Typus suballiancia: Ulicetum erinacei Rothmaler in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 128: 66, tb. 1. 1943.

Characteristic species: Ulex erinaceus.

Diagnosis: Described and including only the endemic association Ulicetum erinacei both syntaxa are confined in Sagres District (Algarvian Sector), on calcareous soils mixed with windy sand deposits. Originally published by Rothmaler (1943: 66, tb.1) with a lot of heterogeneous releves including Rosmarinetea and Cisto-Lavanduletea dwarf scrubs as well as Pistacio-Rhamnetalia shrub species.

[Rivas-Martínez]

Euphorbietum acuminato-merinoi ass. nova hoc loco (50.13.10)

(Brachypodion distachyi, Brachypodietalia distachyi, Tuberarietea guttatae)

Typus associatio: Table 39, rel. 3 [Vinhais: Ousilhao. 780 m, 40%, 25 m2].

Characteristic species (territorials): Brachypodium distachyon, Euphorbia exigua var. merinoi, Euphorbia falcata var. acuminata.

Diagnosis: Rather homogeneous annual community, endemic of the ultramafic outcrops of NE Portugal (Orensan-Sanabriensean and Lusitan Duriensean Sectors), subserial of holly-oak edaphoxerophilous perennial forests of the Genisto hystricis-Quercetum rotundifoliae. It can be found in undisturbed shallow serpentine soils, normally in clearings of Cistus ladanifer shrub communities, in the mesomediterranean belt and in the lower horizon of the supramediterranean belt. This association, among other species, is characterised by the presence of Brachypodium distachyon, Euphorbia falcata var. acuminata and Euphorbia exigua var. merinoi, Leontodon longirostris, Rumex bucephalophorus subsp. gallicus, Trifolium arvense and Tuberaria guttata. The floristic composition and ecology is intermediate between the alliances Tuberarion guttatae and Brachypodion distachyi.

Table 39

50.13.10 Euphorbietum acuminato-merinoi
(Brachypodion distachyi, Brachypodietalia distachyi, Tuberarietea guttatae)

Other species. Characteristic species: Trifolium glomeratum 1 in 1, + in 7. Lathyrus angulatus + in 2 and 5. Hymenocarpos lotoides 1 in 2 and 6. Hypochoeris glabra 1 in 2 and 6. Linum trigynum 2 in 2, + in 8. Trisetaria ovata + in 3 and 4. Anthoxanthum aristatum + in 3 and 7. Centaurium erythraea 1 in 5, + in 8. Arenaria leptoclados 1 in 7, + in 8. Aira cupaniana + in 7, 1 in 8. Trifolium cherleri + in 1. Aira caryophyllea 1, Jasione montana 1 in 3. Trifolium angustifolium + in 4. Trisetaria scabriuscula 2, Silene scabriflora + in 5. Coronilla dura 2, Ornithopus compressus 2, Arabidopsis thaliana + in 6. Cerastium brachypetalum +, Ctenopsis delicatula +, Velezia rigida +, Vulpia muralis + in 7. Campanula erinus +, Jonopsidium abulense +, Vulpia myuros + in 8. Companion species: Poa bulbosa 1 in 1, + in 6. Alyssum lusitanicum 2, Trifolium gemellum 1, Herniaria scabrida + in 1. Sanguisorba verrucosa +, Sherardia arvensis +, Trifolium striatum + in 2. Arenaria querioides +, Armeria eriophylla + in 4. Agrostis castellana 2, Dianthus marizii 1 in 5. Erodium cicutarium 1, Parentucellia latifolia 1 in 6. Herniaria lusitanica + in 8.

Localities: 1. Lu, Bragança: Baçal. 29TPG83. 40%, 6 m2. 2. Lu, Bragança: Grandais. 29TPG83. 40%, 16 m2. 3. Holotypus ass. Lu, Vinhais: Ousilhão. 29TPG72. 40%, 25 m2. 4. Lu, Vinhais: Vila Boa de Ousilhão. 29TPG72. 40%, 25 m2. 5. Lu, Vinhais: Vila Verde, in front of Truticultura do Tuela. 29TPG73. 30%, 25 m2. 6. Lu, Macedo de Cavaleiros: Lagoa. 29TPF88. 100%, 2 m2. 7. Lu, Macedo de Cavaleiros: Limãos. 29TPF89. 60%, 4 m2. 8. Lu, Macedo de Cavaleiros: Morais. 29TPF89. 60%, 4 m2. 9. Synthesized table.

[Aguiar & Penas]

Euphorbio hybernae-Fraxinetum excelsioris ass. nova hoc loco (71.1.5)

[Pruno padi-Fraxinetum excelsioris L. Herrero, M.E. García & Penas in L. Herrero 1989 nom. inval. (art. 1) non Oberdorfer in Beitr. Naturk. Forsch. Südwestdeutschl. 12(1): 23. 1953]
(Alnion incanae, Populetalia albae, Salici purpureae-Populetea nigrae)

Typus associatio: Table 40, rel. 3 [Palencia: Ruesga. 30TUN7547. 950 m, 200 m2].

Characteristic species (territorials): Carum carvi, Euphorbia hyberna, Fraxinus excelsior, Prunus padus, Ribes petraeum.

Diagnosis: Mesophytic semicontinental upper supratemperate forests with Southern Orocantabric distribution, developed on deep soils with dominance in the tree stratum of Fraxinus excelsior, Prunus padus, Fagus sylvatica, Ulmus minor and Populus nigra, and with a floristic entourage in which Euphorbia hyberna, Helleborus viridis subsp. occidentalis and Allium ursinum, among others are common. This forest type, nowadays very reduced because of the agricultural and cattle farming, can be differentiated from the nearest northern associations, such as Mercuriali perennis-Fraxinetum excelsioris and Polysticho setiferi-Fraxinetum excelsioris by the presence of taxa such as Prunus padus and Ulmus minor among the tree species and Carum carvi, Geranium sylvaticum and Narcissus pseudonarcissus subsp. leonensis, among the herbaceous, as well as the absence in our releves of other species such as Quercus robur, Tilia platyphyllos, Primula vulgaris or Carex caudata.

Table 40

71.1.5 Euphorbio hybernae-Fraxinetum excelsioris
(Alnion incanae, Populetalia albae, Salici-Populetea)

Other species. Characteristic species: Lonicera periclymenum 1 in 1 and 3. Ranunculus ficaria 1 in 2 and 3. Euphorbia dulcis + in 2, 1 in 3. Brachypodium sylvaticum 1 in 3 and 4. Vicia orobus 1 in 3, + in 4. Sorbus aucuparia 1 in 4 and 5. Stachys sylvatica 1 in 4 and 5. Frangula alnus + in 4, 1 in 5. Mercurialis perennis 1, Sambucus nigra 1, Scilla lilio-hyacinthus + in 1. Euphorbia amygdaloides 1, Ligustrum vulgare 1, Rhamnus cathartica 1, Rosa corymbifera +, Rubus ulmifolius +, Salix triandra + in 3. Geranium sanguineum 1 in 4. Fragaria vesca 1, Rosa canina 1, Teucrium scorodonia 1, Betula alba +, Ilex aquifolium + in 5. Companion species: Aconitum vulgare 1 in 1, 2 and 3. Geum rivale 1 in 1, 2 and 3. Aconitum ranunculifolium 1 in 1 and 2, + in 3. Alliaria petiolata 1 in 1 and 2, + in 3. Myosotis alpestris 1 in 1 and 2, + in 3. Sisymbrella aspera 1 in 1, + in 2 and 3. Crepis lampsanoides 1 in 1, 2 and 4. Allium ursinum 2 in 1, 3 in 2, + in 5. Polygonum bistorta 1 in 1, + in 3 and 4. Equisetum arvense 1 in 1 and 3, + in 5. Centaurea lingulata 1 in 1 and 2. Cruciata glabra 1 in 1 and 2. Lamium maculatum 1 in 1 and 2. Narcissus leonensis 1 in 1 and 2. Trollius europaeus 1 in 1, + in 3. Veronica chamaedrys 1 in 2 and 3. Daphne laureola + in 4, 1 in 5. Allium scorzonerifolium 1, Arabis alpina 1, Crepis pyrenaica 1, Elymus repens 1, Orchis pallens 1, Silene dioica 1, Vicia sepium 1 in 1. Glechoma hederacea 1, Asphodelus albus +, Hylotelephium telephium +, Orchis ustulata + in 2. Lonicera xylosteum 1, Poa nemoralis 1, Dactylis glomerata + in 3. Mentha longifolia +, Ranunculus acris +, Scrophularia alpestris + in 4.

Localities: 1. Palencia: Molino Los Llazos. 30TUN7860. 200 m2. 2. Palencia: Las Riberas. 30TUN7960. 200 m2. 3. Holotypus ass. Palencia: Ruesga. 30TUN7547. 200 m2. 4. Palencia: El Coñel. 30TUN7957. W, 2%, 200 m2. 5. Palencia: El Manzanar. 30TUN8661. W, 2%, 200 m2. 6. Synthesized table.

[L. Herrero, M.E. García, T.E. Díaz, Penas & F. Salegui]