2. Syntaxon descriptions

Carici asturicae-Genistetum obtusirameae ass. nova hoc loco (65.3.2)

(Genistion polygaliphyllae, Cytisetalia scopario-striati, Cytisetea scopario-striati)

Typus associatio: Table 25, rel. 2 [Asturias: Cangas de Narcea/León: Villablino, Cueto de Arbás. 29TQH06 y 29TQH16. 1720 m, 100 m²].

Characteristic species (territorials): Carex asturica, Genista obtusiramea, Juniperus alpina.

Diagnosis: Thicket of broom-like nano and microphanerophytes, with an abundant substratum of chamaephytes, hemicryptophytes and geophytes, colonizing deep soils developed from siliceous substrata. This association is characterized by the presence of the Orocantabric endemics Genista obtusiramea and Carex asturica as well as other plants of orotemperate belt. It has its optimum in the mid-western siliceous Orocantabric territories, particularly in the most oceanic and rainy areas of the northern slopes of the Cantabrian Range. It is a vicariant of the broom communities of the Cytiso oromediterranei-Genistetum obtusirameae, from more continental and less rainy areas, from which it is differentiated by the absence of Cytisus oromediterraneus. It appears in contact with the Nardus pastures of the alliance Campanulo herminii-Nardion strictae and heathlands of the Carici asturicae-Callunetum vulgaris and Pterosparto cantabrici-Ericetum aragonensis.

Table 25

65.3.2 Carici asturicae-Genistetum obtusirameae
(Genistion polygaliphyllae, Cytisetalia scopario-striati, Cytisetea scopario-striati)

Other species. Companion species: Rumex angiocarpus + in 1, 2 and 10. Anthoxanthum odoratum + in 5 and 11, 1 in 6. Festuca multispiculata + in 7, 1 in 9 and 10. Hypochoeris radicata + in 1 and 2. Hieracium pilosella + in 1, 1 in 5. Conopodium pyrenaeum + in 1 and 7. Potentilla erecta 1 in 1, + in 8. Veronica officinalis + in 1, 1 in 8. Luzula caespitosa 1 in 3, + in 7. Lotus corniculatus + in 3 and 9. Euphorbia polygalifolia 1 in 5 and 6. Agrostis durieui + in 5 and 6. Dianthus langeanus + in 7, 1 in 10. Sorbus aucuparia + in 7 and 11. Luzula lactea 1 in 9, + in 11. Thymelaea dendrobryum 2, Plantago alpina 1, Lithodora diffusa +, Meum athamanticum + in 1. Digitalis purpurea +, Merendera montana +, Paronychia polygonifolia + in 2. Arenaria montana +, Carex pilulifera +, Genista pilosa + in 5. Hieracium umbellatum + in 7. Achillea millefolium +, Carduus carpetanus +, Ceratocapnos claviculata +, Chenopodium bonus-henricus +, Plantago media +, Trifolium repens + in 8. Asphodelus cerasiferus +, Sedum pyrenaicum +, Teesdaliopsis conferta + in 10.

Localities: 1. Asturias: Caso, Pico Torres. 30TUN07. 100 m². 2. Holotypus ass. León: Villablino, Cueto de Arbás. 29TQH16. 100 m². 3. Asturias: Cangas de Narcea/León: Villablino, Cueto de Arbás. 29TQH06 y 29TQH16. 100 m². 4. Asturias: Lena/León: Villamanín, Alto de la Carbazosa. 30TTN76. 100 m². 5. Cantabria: Hermandad del Campóo de Suso, Alto Campóo, Braña Vieja-Pico Tres Mares. 30TUN86. 100 m². 6. Cantabria: Camaleño, Alto de Riofrío. 30TUN66. 100 m². 7. León: Páramo del Sil, El Miro. 29TQH05. 50 m². 8. León: Candín, Alto del Cuiña. 29TPH74. 200 m². 9. León: Candín: Puerto de Ancares. 29TPH74. 200 m². 10. León: Villablino/Astruias: Somiedo, Las Camposas. 29TQH16 y 20TQH17. 100 m². 11. León: Páramo del Sil, El Miro. 29TQH05. 200 m². 12. Synthesized table.

[Bueno & F. Prieto]

Carici echinatae-Trichophoretum caespitosi ass. nova hoc loco (14.2.5)

[ass. à Scirpus caespitosus Turmel in Mém. Museum Natl. Hist. Nat. Paris, Sér. B, Bot. 5: 126, tb. 42. 1955 non Thimm 1953, Primulo integrifoliae-Trichophoretum caespitosi Gruber 1978 nom. inval. (art. 1)]
(Caricion nigrae, Caricetalia nigrae, Scheuchzerio-Caricetea nigrae)

Typus associatio: Table 26, rel. 2 [Huesca: Benasque, Pleta de Cregüeña. 42º 39'N-0º 36'E. 2030 m, NW, 4 m2].

Characteristic species: Trichophorum caespitosum subsp. caespitosum, Carex echinata.

Diagnosis: Pyrenean orotemperate and lower cryorotemperate oligo-mesotrophic mineral peaty soil community, dominated by Trichophorum caespitosum subsp. caespitosum, usually growing on catena between the more humid and boggy Alpine-Pyrenean Caricetum fuscae Br.-Bl. 1915 and the drier Pyrenean Selino pyrenaei-Nardetum Br.-Bl. 1948.

Table 26

14.2.5 Carici echinatae-Trichophoretum caespitosi
(Caricion nigrae, Caricetalia nigrae, Scheuchzerio-Caricetea nigrae)

Other species. Companion species: Carex panicea 2 in 3 and 5. Sphagnum inundatum 2 in 4 and 5. Succisa pratensis + in 4 and 7. Bartsia alpina 1 in 2.

Localities: 1. Huesca: Benasque, Valle de Cregüeña. SE, 2 m2. 2. Holotypus ass. Huesca: Benasque, Pleta de Cregüeña. 42º 39'N-0º 36'E. NW, 4 m2. 3. Huesca: Benasque, Aiguallut. N, 10 m2. 4. Huesca: Benasque, Plan d"Aiguallut. NE, 4 m2. 5. Huesca: Benasque, Pleta de la Renclusa. NE, 10 m2. 6. Huesca: Benasque, Solana de Cregüeña. SW, 6 m2. 7. Huesca: Benasque, Ball de Llosas. E, 10 m2. 8. Synthesized table.

[Rivas-Martínez, Costa & P. Soriano]

Carici pendulae-Fraxinetum excelsioris ass. nova hoc loco (71.1.4)

[Carici pendulae-Fraxinetum excelsioris Biurrun in Guineana 5: 25, tb. 3. 1999 (art. 3b)]
(Alnion incanae, Populetalia albae, Salici purpureae-Populetea nigrae)

Typus associatio: Table 27, rel. 3 [Burgos: Mena Valley, from Arceniega to Angulo mountain pass, Ciella, Molino stream. 30TVN7187, 300 m, 150 m2].

Characteristic species (territorials): Acer campestre, Carex pendula, Carex remota, Festuca gigantea, Fraxinus excelsior, Saxifraga hirsuta.

Diagnosis: Edaphohygrophilous ash forests with Acer campestre that grow in the humid-hyperhumid, lower supratemperate and mesotemperate belt of the Cantabrian-Basque Sector. They occupy the external band in the riparian geoseries of this sector, behind alder forests of Hyperico androsaemi-Alnetum glutinosae association. In streams and little rivers with low flow from humid areas of Navarran-Alavan district they grow on the bank (rel. 1-3), as they do in streams from supratemperate belt, where Fagus sylvatica participates in the community. They are usually in contact with climatophilous Pulmonario-Quercion roboris and Aceri-Quercion fagineae oak forests in the mesotemperate belt and beech forests in the supratemperate. We include the new association in Alnion incanae alliance due to its edaphohygrophilous behaviour and to the presence of character species of alliance and Populetalia: Carex pendula, Silene dioica, Primula elatior, Carex remota, Elymus caninus, Festuca gigantea. Ash forests from the same alliance (Festuco giganteae-Fraxinetum excelsioris) have been described in the Orocantabric Subprovince, in which Acer campestre, Quercus robur, Saxifraga hirsuta, Carex pendula, Elymus caninus, Bromus ramosus, Viburnum lantana and other basophilous species are absent. Just as Quercus petraea, Saxifraga spathularis and other acidophilous species are also absent in Carici pendulae-Fraxinetum.

Table 27

71.1.4 Carici pendulae-Fraxinetum excelsioris
(Alnion incanae, Populetalia albae, Salici purpureae-Populetea nigrae)

Other species. Characteristic species: Fraxinus angustifolia +, Salix lambertiana +, Solanum dulcamara + in 2. Carex pendula 1, Hypericum androsaemum +, Vitis vinifera + in 3. Rubus caesius +, Bryonia dioica + in 4. Querco-Fagetea and Rhamno-Prunetea species: Clematis vitalba + in 1 and 2. Viola alba 1 in 1, + in 3. Ornithogalum pyrenaicum + in 1 and 3. Rhamnus cathartica 3 in 2, + in 4. Rosa canina 2 in 2, + in 4. Conopodium majus 1 in 2 and 4. Melica uniflora 1 in 2, + in 4. Sambucus nigra 1 in 2, + in 4. Polystichum setiferum + in 2 and 4. Quercus robur + in 2 and 4. Carex sylvatica 1 in 3, + in 4. Crepis lampsanoides 1 in 3, + in 4. Saxifraga hirsuta 1 in 3, + in 4. Euphorbia dulcis + in 3, 1 in 4. Helleborus occidentalis + in 3, 1 in 4. Ajuga reptans + in 3 and 4. Acer monspessulanum +, Primula veris s.l. +, Pulmonaria longifolia +, Quercus faginea +, Ribes alpinum +, Rosa gr. canina +, Rubus sp. + in 1. Acer pseudoplatanus +, Orobanche hederae + in 2. Bromus ramosus 1, Tilia platyphyllos 1, Quercus xcoutinhoi pl. + in 3. Daphne laureola +, Prunus avium +, Scilla lilio-hyacinthus + in 4. Companion species: Alliaria petiolata 1 in 1, + in 2. Brachypodium rupestre 1 in 1, + in 2. Lapsana communis 1 in 1, + in 2. Urtica dioica + in and 2. Poa trivialis s.l.+ in 1 and 3. Galium aparine 1 in 1, + in 4. Scrophularia balbisii + in 2 and 3. Stachys sylvatica + in 2 and 4. Geranium robertianum 1 in 3, + in 4. Agrostis stolonifera 1, Conium maculatum +, Cruciata laevipes +, Satureja vulgaris s.l. +, Silene latifolia +, Torilis arvensis +, Viscum album + in 1. Anthriscus sylvestris +, Hypericum perforatum +, Juglans regia +, Lythrum salicaria +, Prunus domestica + in 2. Ranunculus despectus 1, Cardamine pratensis +, Carex divulsa +, Equisetum telmateia +, Heracleum montanum +, Pimpinella major +, Prunella vulgaris +, Pteridium aquilinum +, Ruscus aculeatus +, Smilax aspera + in 3. Filipendula ulmaria +, Fragaria vesca +, Glechoma hederacea +, Lamium maculatum +, Lilium martagon +, Narcissus pseudonarcissus +, Silene vulgaris +, Sisymbrium chrysanthum +, Stachys alpina +, Valeriana pyrenaica + in 4.

Localities: 1. Burgos: From Peña Angulo to Baro, Losa stream. 30TVN8260. 150 m2. 2. Alava: Gopegi, Subialde stream. 30TWN2256. 150 m2. 3. Holotypus ass. Burgos, Mena Valley, from Arceniega to Angulo mountain pass, near Ciella, Molino stream. 30TVN7187. 150 m2. 4. Alava: Zuia, Murgia, Bayas river in Arenaza. 30TWN1356. 300 m2. 5. Synthesized table.

[Biurrun & García-Mijangos]

Catapodio marini-Frankenietum pulverulentae (Rivas-Martínez, Costa & Loidi 1992) nom. nov. hoc loco (22.2.3)

[Parapholido incurvae-Desmazerietum marinae Rivas-Martínez, Costa & Loidi in Itinera Geobot. 6: 156, tb. 24. 1992 non Parapholido incurvae-Catapodietum marini Rivas-Martínez, Lousã, T.E. Díaz, Fernández-González & J.M. Costa in Itinera Geobot. 3: 98, tb. 17. 1990 (art. 31, 39, 45), Arthrocnemetum glauci catapodietosum marini (Rivas-Martínez, Costa & Loidi 1992) O. Bolòs in Arxius Secc. Ci. Inst. Estud. Catalans 114: 49. 1996 (corresp. name)]
(Frankenion pulverulentae, Frankenietalia pulverulentae, Saginetea maritimae)

Typus associatio: Rivas-Martínez, Costa & Loidi in Itinera Geobot. 6: 156, tb. 24, rel. 5. 1992 (lectotypus) [Balearic Islands, Ibiza, Playa del Mitjorn, 1 m2]. Characteristic species: 3 Catapodium marinum (sub Desmazeria marina), 3 Frankenia pulverulenta, 1 Parapholis incurva. Companion species: 2 Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, 2 Suaeda spicata (sub Suaeda maritima), 1 Plantago coronopus, + Triplachne nitens.

Characteristic species (territorials): Catapodium marinum, Frankenia pulverulenta, Parapholis incurva, Sagina maritima, Triplachne nitens.

Diagnosis: Therophytic ephemerous salt-and sand-loving coastal community from Balearic Islands.

[Rivas-Martínez, Costa & Loidi]

Catapodio spicati-Saginetum maritimae (O. Bolòs & Vigo 1984) ass. nova hoc loco, stat. nov. (22.2.2)

[Sagino maritimae-Tortelletum flavovirentis cerastietosum gussonei O. Bolòs & Vigo in Arxius Secc. Ci. Inst. Estud. Catalans 73: 200. 1984 (basion.) (art. 27d, 46H)]
(Frankenion pulverulentae, Frankenietalia pulverulentae, Saginetea maritimae)

Typus associatio: O. Bolòs & Vigo in Arxius Secc. Ci. Inst. Estud. Catalans 73. 200. 1984, holotypus [Illes Medes: Meda Gran, Western boarding stand. 20 m, 90%]. Characteristic species: 5 Sagina maritima, 1 Catapodium rigidum subsp. spicatum, + Cerastium diffusum subsp. gussonei, + Frankenia pulverulenta, + Spergularia salina. Companion species: + Dactylis glomerata var. hispanica, + Poa annua, + Polycarpon tetraphyllum.

Characteristic species (territorials): Catapodium rigidum subsp. spicatum, Frankenia pulverulenta, Sagina maritima.

Diagnosis: Aerohaline community of ephemeral therophytes developed on incipient soils of the littoral rocks with salt spray. Known from the Medas Islands.

[Rivas-Martínez]

Chamaecytiso canariae-Adenocarpetum villosi (Sunding 1972) nom. nov. hoc loco (82.2.1)

[Adenocarpo foliolosi-Cytisetum proliferi Esteve in Bol. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., Secc. Biol. 6: 90. 1969 (art. 37), Adenocarpo villosi-Cytisetum proliferi Sunding in Skr. Norske Vidensk Akad. Oslo, Mat.-Naturvidensk. Kl., N.S. 29: 129, tb. 31. 1972 (art. 31, 39)]
(Telino canariensis-Adenocarpion foliolosi, Andryalo-Ericetalia, Pruno-Lauretea novocanariensis)

Typus associatio: Sunding in Skr. Norske Vidensk Akad. Oslo, Mat.-Naturvidensk. Kl., N.S. 29: 129, tb. 31, rel. 13, lectotypus hoc loco. 1972.

Characteristic species (territorials): Adenocarpus foliolosus var. villosus, Teline microphylla, Chamaecytisus proliferus var. canariae.

Diagnosis: Broom formations characteristic of the mesomediterranean subhumid belt from Gran Canaria (Canary Islands), representing the substitution stage or the border of pinewoods on deep soils (Micromerio pineolentis-Pinetum canariensis) or the laurel forests (Lauro-Perseetum indicae) from little warmer places.

[Rivas-Martínez & Wildpret]

Cirsio gregarii-Dactyletum juncinellae ass. nova hoc loco (49.1.4)

[Cirsio gregarii-Dactyletum juncinellae Molero in J.M. Losa, Molero, Casares & Pérez-Raya. Paisaje vegetal de Sierra Nevada. La cuenca alta del río Genil: 95, tb. 12. 1986 (art. 5)]
(Thymenion serpylloidis, Nevadension purpureae, Festucetalia indigestae, Festucetea indigestae)

Typus associatio: Granada: Sierra Nevada, Güejar-Sierra, Northern slope of Veleta. 37º 04' N-3º 22' W. N, 2760 m, 20 m2, [rel. S. Rivas-Martínez 08. 1990]. Characteristic species: 3 Dactylis juncinella, 1 Cirsium gregarium, 1 Eryngium glaciale, 1 Festuca indigesta, 1 Herniaria boissieri, + Thymus serpylloides. Companion species: 2 Avenella iberica, 1 Agrostis nevadensis, 1 Lotus glareosus, 1 Reseda complicata, + Carduus carlinoides subsp. hispanicus, + Hieracium castellanum, + Urtica dioica.

Characteristic species: Dactylis juncinella.

Diagnosis: Grassland characterized by the Nevadensian endemic Dactylis juncinella growing on slightly developed siliceous soils, having a long snow covering in the oromediterranean and lower cryoromediterranean humid bioclimatic belts of Sierra Nevada.

[Molero & J. López]

Cirsio gregarii-Deschampsietum hispanicae ass. nova hoc loco (59.8.3)

(Deschampsion mediae, Holoschoenetalia vulgaris, Molinio-Arrhenatheretea)

Typus associatio: Table 28, rel. 3 [Jaén: Siles, Cortijo de la Balasna. 30S WH 3940. 1300 m, 20 m2].

Characteristic species (territorials): Carex flacca, Cirsium gregarium, Deschampsia hispanica, Juncus striatus.

Diagnosis: Wet grassland dominated by Deschampsia hispanica, Carex flacca and Lotus corniculatus with other grassland species such as Holcus lanatus, Gaudinia fragilis, Cirsium gregarium, Jasonia tuberosa, Sanguisorba lateriflora, Juncus striatus, Prunella hyssopifolia, Oenanthe peucedanifolia, Dactylorhiza elata, Juncus inflexus, growing in the community. It appears in temporary hydromorphyc sandy soils. Due to the different bloom periods of the species, it is possible to distinguish in the community two aspects, one in the springtime rich in geophytes (Narcissus hedraeanthus, Bellis perennis, Orchis coriophora, Platanthera chlorantha, etc.), and another in the summer characterized by grasses. The association is endemic of the Subbetic Sector (Betic Province) supramediterranean-oromediterranean subhumid-humid bioclimatic belts.

Table 28

59.8.3 Cirsio gregarii-Deschampsietum hispanicae
(Deschampsion mediae, Holoschoenetalia, Molinio-Arrhenatheretea)

Other species. Characteristic species: Jasonia tuberosa + in 1, 1 in 2. Dactylorhiza elata + in 1 and 3. Sanguisorba lateriflora + in 2 and 4. Prunella hyssopifolia 1 in 3, + in 4. Juncus inflexus + in 5 and 7. Companion species: Agrostis castellana 2 in 1, + in 2. Verbena officinalis 1 in 1, + in 5. Orchis coriophora 1 in 1, + in 7. Brachypodium sylvaticum 1 in 2 + in 5. Mentha pulegium + in 2 and 6. Filipendula vulgaris + in 3 and 5. Festuca fenas 1 in 3 and 7. Linum maritimum 2, Muscari comosum 2, Phalaris coerulescens 2, Gladiolus vulgare 1, Prunella laciniata 1, Carex distans +, Cichorium intybus +, Galium verum +, Ranunculus paludosus +, Rubus ulmifolius + in 1. Catananche caerulea +, Dactylis hispanica +, Prunella vulgaris + in 2. Centaurea debeauxii subsp. nevadensis +, Dipsacus fullonum +, Scirpoides holoschoenus + in 3. Hypochoeris radicata + in 4. Narcissus hedraeanthus 2, Convolvulus arvensis 1, Bellis perennis +, Ranunculus repens + in 6. Brachypodium phoenicoides 2, Avenula mirandana +, Juncus subnodulosus +, Medicago lupulina +, Platanthera chlorantha +, Primula vulgaris + in 7.

Localities: 1. Jaén: Siles, Arroyo de Cárdenas. 30S WH 3942, 40 m2. 2. Jaén: Siles, La Fresnedilla. 30S WH 3744. 30 m2. 3. Holotypus ass. Jaén: Siles, Cortijo de la Balasna. 30S WH 3940. 20 m2. 4. Jaén: Pontones, Don Domingo. 30S WH 3009. 20 m2. 5. Jaén: Orcera, Laguna de Orcera. 30S WH 3442. 20 m2. 6. Jaén: Santiago de la Espada, Hoya Maranza. 30 S WH 3419. 20 m2. 7. Albacete: Paterna del Madera, Rio de los Viñazos. 30 S WH 5671. 100 m2. 8. Synthesized table.

[Ríos & Alcaraz]

Coremato albi-Juniperetum macrocarpae ass. nova hoc loco (75.9.4)

(Juniperion turbinatae, Pistacio-Rhamnetalia alaterni, Quercetea ilicis)

Typus associatio: Table 29, rel. 1 [Alicante: Benidorm, Serra Gelada. 30S YH5570. SE, 30 m, 25 m2].

Characteristic species: Juniperus macrocarpa, Corema album, Ephedra fragilis, Osyris lanceolata (= O. quadripartita).

Diagnosis: Psammophilous bushes dominated by Juniperus macrocarpa, Osyris lanceolata and Ephedra fragilis, in which other xerophytic shrubs such as Chamaerops humilis, Corema album, Asparagus horridus, Rubia peregrina subsp. longifolia, Rhamnus lycioides subsp. lycioides or Pistacia lentiscus are also present. The new association grows on Pleistocene climbing-dunes of Serra Gelada (Sierra Helada), in the northeastern coast of Alicante Province. This small territory is included in the thermomediterranean semiarid bioclimatic belt of the Alicantine Subsector (Murcian-Almeriensian Province). It is perhaps one of the last examples of the natural potential vegetation which grew in the past on the sand-dune systems of Southeastern Iberian Peninsula.

Table 29

75.9.4 Coremato albi-Juniperetum macrocarpae
(Juniperion turbinatae, Pistacio-Rhamnetalia alaterni, Quercetea ilicis)

Other species. Companion species: Launaea fragilis + in 2. Thymelaea valentina + in 3. Dianthus valentinus +, Rosmarinus officinalis + in 4.

Localities: 1. Holotypus ass. Alicante: Benidorm, Serra Gelada (Sierra Helada). 30S YH5570. SE, 25 m2. 2. Ibídem. 25 m2. 3. Ibídem. 20 m2. 4. Ibídem. 25 m2. 5. Ibídem. 20 m2. 6. Synthesized table.

[M.B. Crespo, De la Torre, Alcaraz, Costa & Solanas]

Corynephoro macrantheri-Arenarietum algarbiensis P. Silva & Teles ass. nova hoc loco (50.6.1)

[Anachorto-Arenarietum algarbiensis P. Silva in P. Silva & Teles 1972 nom. inval. (art. 1)]
(Hymenocarpo hamosi-Malcolmion trilobae, Malcolmietalia, Tuberarietea guttatae)

Typus associatio: P. Silva in P. Silva & Teles (1972: 7, 8) [Lu, Extremadura: Between Coina and Brejos de Azeitão. 29SMC96. 4 m2.] Characteristic species: 2.2 Tolpis barbata, 1.2 Anachortus macrantherus, 1.2 Tuberaria guttata, 1.1 Arenaria algarbiensis, 1.1 Silene scabriflora, + Agrostis elegans, + Aira multiculmis, + Andryala integrifolia, + Briza maxima, + Campanula lusitanica, + Erodium bipinnatum, + Filago gallica, + Hypochoeris glabra, + Jasione montana, + Leucojum trichopyllum, + Micropyrum tenellum, + Ononis subspicata, + Ornithopus pinnatus, + Rumex bucephalophorus, + Vulpia hybrida. Compañeras: 1.2 Corynephorus canescens var. maritimus, + Allium sp., + Anemone palmata, + Anthyllis lotoides, + Anisantha rigida, + Linaria spartea, + Narcissus bulbocodium, + Polycarpon tetraphyllum, + Romulea bulbocodium, + Sesamoides canescens, + Vulpia membranacea.

Characteristic species (territorials): Arenaria algarbiensis, Agrostis elegans, Corynephorus macrantherus.

Diagnosis: Sabulicolous thermomediterranean subhumid community, formed by ephemeral therophytes of spring development, living in open spaces of the coastal paleodunes of the Sadensean district, mainly where the edaphoxerophilous-psammophilous potential vegetation belongs to the microforests of Juniperus navicularis (Daphno gnidii-Juniperetum navicularis) and its substituting thicket of Thymo capitellati-Stauracanthetum genistoidis.

[Rivas-Martínez & Izco]

Cotoneastro pyrenaici-Juniperetum nanae (Turmel 1955) nom. nov. hoc loco (77.3.1)

[ass. à Arctostaphylos uva-ursi et Juniperus nana Turmel in Mém. Museum Natl. Hist. Nat. Paris, Sér. B, Bot. 5: 167, tb. 67. 1955 non Junipero nanae-Arctostaphyletum uvae-ursi Br.-Bl., Sissingh & Vlieger, Prodr. Planzengesellchaften, fasc. 6: 97. 1939 (art. 31, 39)]
(Juniperion nanae, Vaccinio microphylli-Juniperetalia nanae, Vaccinio-Piceetea)

Typus: Turmel in Mém. Museum Natl. Hist. Nat. Paris, Sér. B, Bot. 5: 167, tb. 67, rel. 8 (lectotypus hoc loco). 1955 [France, Pyréneés Atlantiques: Massif d'Ossau, Vallon du Peyrelu, lower rocky places. 1650 m, NE, 30%]. Characteristic species: 5 Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, 1 Cotoneaster integerrimus var. pyrenaicus (sub Cotoneaster vulgaris), 1 Juniperus alpina, + Iberis sempervirens, + Rosa pendulina. Companion species: + Cruciata glabra, + Festuca eskia, + Gentiana acaulis (sub Gentiana kochiana), + Hepatica nobilis, + Rhamnus pumilus, + Saxifraga granulata, + Thalictrum minus var. pyrenaicum (Jord.) O. Bolòs & Vigo (sub Thalictrum minus), + Valerianella locusta.

Characteristic species (territorials): Cotoneaster integerrimus var. pyrenaicus, Iberis sempervirens, Juniperus communis subsp. nana, Rosa pendulina.

Distribution: Pyrenean orotemperate dwarfed shrub permanent community or seral of Pinus uncinata forest, developped mostly on sunny or xeric biotopes without long snow cover.

[Rivas-Martínez & J.A. Molina]

Cratoneuro filicini-Anagallidetum tenellae ass. nova hoc loco (11.2.3)

[Cratoneuro filicini-Anagallidetum tenellae Ríos & Alcaraz in Ríos 1996 nom. inval. (art. 1)]
(Palustriellion commutatae, Montio-Cardaminetalia, Montio-Cardaminetea)

Typus associatio: Table 30, rel. 4 [Alicante: Bocairente, Nacimiento del Vinalopó. 30SYH0688. 780 m, 1 m2].

Characteristic species (territorials): Anagallis tenella, Cratoneuron filicinum, Pellia endiviifolia.

Diagnosis: Mixed bryophytic and cormophytic hygrophilous community dominated by Cratoneuron filicinum, Anagallis tenella and Pellia endiviifolia. The association grows on places permanently moisted by fresh running waters. The presence of Potentilla erecta, Calliergonella cuspidata and Parnassia palustris (releves 7-9) points out the presence of more oligotrophic waters. The association seems to be widespread in the southern half of Spain, in a wide bioclimatic range from the thermomediterranean to the supramediterranean dry to subhumid bioclimatic belts.

Table 30

11.2.3 Cratoneuro filicini-Anagallidetum tenellae
(Palustriellion commutatae, Montio-Cardaminetalia, Montio-Cardaminetea)

Other species. Companion species: Carex flacca 1 in 2, + in 5. Lotus corniculatus 1 in 2, + in 5. Prunella vulgaris + in 2 and 7. Blackstonia perfoliata + in 4 and 5. Carex mairii 1, Carex distans +, Linum catharticum +, Plantago media + in 2. Calliergonella cuspidata 1, Brachythecium rutabulum +, Mentha aquatica +, Teucrium scordioides + in 8. Parnassia palustris + in 9.

Localities: 1. Albacete: Paterna del Madera, Catalmerejos 30S WH 6177, 0,5 m2. 2. Murcia: Moratalla, Campo de San Juan. 30S WH 7927, 2 m2. 3. Murcia: Moratalla, Campo de Béjar. 30S WH 8626. 0,5 m2. 4. Holotypus ass. Alicante: Bocairente, Nacimiento del Vinalopó. 30S YH 0688. 1 m2. 5. Murcia: Moratalla, El Arrayán. 30S WH 9736. 0,5 m2. 6. Murcia: Moratalla, Puerta de Moratalla. 30S WH 9030. 0,5 m2. 7. Jaén: Siles, La Fresnedilla. 30 S WH 3744. 0,5 m2. 8. Albacete: Riópar, Arroyo del Padroncillo, 30 S WH 4860. 0,5 m2. 9. Jaén: Siles, Cortijo de la Balasna. 30 S WH 3940. 0,5 m2. 10. Synthesized table.

[Ríos & Alcaraz]

Crepido pusillae-Filaginetum petro-ianii ass. nova hoc loco (38.4.2)

(Polycarpion tetraphylli, Polygono arenastri-Poetalia annuae, Polygono-Poetea annuae)

Typus associatio: Table 31, rel. 1 [Mallorca. Marina de Llucmajor, Son Granada. 90 m, 0.1 m2].

Characteristic species: Crepis pusilla, Filago petro-ianii.

Diagnosis: Therophytic ephemeral (winter-spring) community of the thermomediterranean semiarid (dry) southern areas of Majorca (Balearic Subprovince). It is found in rarely used footpaths and in open and trampled places with thin, clayey soils, installed in the clearings of Cneoro tricocci-Ceratonietum siliquae communities.

Table 31

38.4.2 Crepido pusillae-Filaginetum petro-ianii
(Polycarpion tetraphylli, Polygono-Poetalia annuae, Polygono-Poetea annuae)

Other species. Companion species: Campanula erinus + in 3, 4 and 6. Sedum rubens + in 4 and 5, 1 in 10. Sedum caespitosum + in 2 and 6. Ophioglossum lusitanicum + in 3, 1 in 4. Anagallis arvensis + in 3 and 5. Lophochloa cristata + in 8 and 9. Plantago afra + in 8 and 9. Merendera filifolia +, Tuberaria guttata + in 8. Aira cupaniana + in 9. Neatostema apula + in 10. Linum strictum +, Poa bulbosa + in 11.

Localities: 1. Holotypus ass. Mallorca. Marina de Llucmajor: Son Granada. 0.1 m2. 2. Mallorca Marina de Llucmajor: Son Granada. 0.1 m2. 3. Mallorca: Marina de Llucmajor: Sa Torre. 0.1 m2. 4. Mallorca Marina de Llucmajor: Capocorp. 0.15 m2. 5. Mallorca. Puntiró. 0.1 m2. 6. Mallorca: Marina de Llucmajor: Betlem. 0.1 m2. 7. Mallorca. Cala Pi. 0.12 m2. 8. Mallorca. Marina de Llucmajor (UTM 7868). 0.15 m2. 9. Mallorca. Marina de Llucmajor (UTM 7868). 0.1 m2. 10. Mallorca. Marina de Llucmajor (Son Granada). 0.15 m2. 11. Mallorca. Marina de Llucmajor (Pas de Sa Senyora - UTM 8059). 0.1 m2. 12. Syntesized table.

[Llorens & Gil]

Ctenopsietum delicatulae ass. nova hoc loco (50.3.5)

(Molineriellion laevis, Tuberarietalia guttatae, Tuberarietea guttatae)

Typus associatio: Table 32, rel. 2 [Avila: Encinares. 30TTK8977. 1030 m, 10 m2].

Characteristic species: Ctenopsis delicatula.

Diagnosis: Annual ephemeral grasslands characterised by the Mediterranean West Iberian endemic Ctenopsis delicatula, growing on shallow siliceous soils undergoing short spring episodes of hydromorphy. They bloom in late spring-early summer and are distributed in the meso and supramediterranean belts of the inner sectors of the Mediterranean West Iberian Biogeographic Province.

Table 32

50.3.5 Ctenopsietum delicatulae
(Molineriellion laevis, Tuberarietalia guttatae, Tuberarietea guttatae)

Other species: Characteristic species: Vulpia myuros 1 in 1 and 5. Linaria spartea + in 1 and 6. Trifolium campestre + in 2, 1 in 5. Helianthemum aegyptiacum + in 3, 1 in 4. Trisetum ovatum 1 in 3 and 6. Aira caryophyllea + in 4, 1 in 5. Petrorhagia nanteuilii 1 in 4 and 6. Logfia gallica 1 in 5, + in 6. Agrostis truncatula 2, Eryngium tenue +, Teesdalia coronopifolia + in 1. Herniaria glabra 1, Trifolium angustifolium 1 in 3. Trifolium dubium 2, Anthemis arvensis 1, Trifolium striatum 1, Vulpia ciliata 1, Lathyrus angulatus +, Scleranthus polycarpos +, Taeniatherum caput-medusae +, Ventenata dubia + in 5. Sesamoides purpurascens 1, Lupinus hispanicus +, Tolpis umbellata + in 6. Companion species: Poa bulbosa 1 in 4, 5 and 6. Spergularia purpurea + in 1 and 5. Bromus tectorum 1 in 3, + in 6. Convolvulus arvensis + in 4, 1 in 6.

Localities: 1. Madrid: Buitrago, Riosequillo dam. 30TVL4536. 7 m2. 2. Holotypus ass. Ávila: Encinares. 30TTK8977. 10 m2. 3. Ávila: El Barco de Ávila. 30TTK8671. 10 m2. 4. Ávila: La Lastra del Cano. 30TTK9570. 10 m2. 5. Madrid: El Cuadrón, Rasa de Pajarilla. 30TVL4233. 10 m2. 6. Ávila: El Losar. 30TTK8476. 10 m2. 7. Synthesized table.

[Sardinero, Fernández-González & Sánchez-Mata]

Cutandietalia maritimae ordo novus hoc loco (50d)

Typus ordo: Linarion pedunculatae Díez Garretas, Asensi & Esteve ex Díez Garretas in Doc. Phytosoc. 8: 74. 1984. [Typus allianciae: Herniario algarvicae-Linarietum ficalhoanae Díez Garretas in Doc. Phytosoc. 8: 75, tb. 5, holotypus rel. 1. 1984 (art. 18)]

Characteristic species: Catapodium hemipoa, Cutandia maritima, Polycarpon diphyllum, Pseudorlaya pumila, Silene niceensis, Silene ramosissima, Malcolmia ramosissima.

Diagnosis: Mediterranean and South Cantabro-Atlantic ephemeral terophitic community of coastal dunes splashed by marine salty spray, half way in the process of being fixed by the perennial vegetation of Ammophiletea. This new order includes the alliances 50.8. Linarion pedunculatae (South and West of the Iberian Peninsula and Tingitania), 50.7. Alkanno-Maresion nanae (East Iberian Peninsula and rest of the Mediterranean costs), and 50.9. Ononidion tournefortii (Canarian and Saharan oceanic mediterranean).

[Rivas-Martínez, Díez Garretas & Asensi]

Cynomorio coccinei-Lycietum intricati (Rivas-Martínez, Lousã, T.E. Díaz, Fernández-González & J.C. Costa 1990) nom. nov. hoc loco (37.2.3)

[Salsolo vermiculatae-Lycietum intricati Rivas-Martínez, Lousã, T.E. Díaz, Fernández-González & J.C. Costa in Itinera Geobot. 3: 100, tb. 18. 1990 non Llorens & Guijarro 1982 (art. 31, 39)]
(Salsolo oppositifoliae-Suaedion verae, Salsolo vermiculatae-Peganetalia harmalae, Pegano-Salsoletea)

Typus associatio: Rivas-Martínez, Lousã, T.E. Díaz, Fernández-González & J.C. Costa in Itinera Geobot. 3: 100, tb. 18, rel. 2. Holotypus ass. 1990. [Lu, Algarve: Praía da Rocha. 29SNB40. 30 m, 10 m2]. Characteristic species: 3 Lycium intricatum, 1 Salsola vermiculata, (+) Cynomorium coccineum. Companion species: 2 Suaeda vera, 1 Oxalis pes-caprae, + Hordeum leporinum.

Characteristic species (territorials): Cynomorium coccineum, Lycium intricatum, Salsola vermiculata, Suaeda vera.

Diagnosis: Algarvian thermomediterranean halonitrophilous coastal scrubby community, related with the Murcian-Almeriensian Withanio frutescentis-Lycietum intricati Alcaraz, P. Sánchez, De la Torre, Ríos & J. Alvarez 1991 (37.2.9), from which it could be considered a geographical subassociation.

[Rivas-Martínez, Lousã, T.E. Díaz, Fernández-González & J.C. Costa]

Cytision oromediterraneo-scoparii all. nova hoc loco (65.6)

[Sarothamnion scoparii auct. hisp. non Tüxen in Preising, Mitt. Florist.-Soziol. Arbeitsgem. 1: 82. 1949 (art. 8)]
(Cytisetalia scopario-striati, Cytisetea scopario-striati)

Typus alliancia: Senecioni adonidifolii-Cytisetum oromediterranei (Rivas-Martínez 1968) nom. nov. et corr. hoc loco [Cytisetum purgantis pyrenaicum Rivas-Martínez in Publ. Inst. Biol. Aplicada 44: 39, tb. 7. 1968 (art. 34, 39, 43), Senecioni adonidifolii-Cytisetum purgantis (Rivas-Martínez 1968) Gruber 1978 nom. inval. (art. 1)].

Characteristic species (territorials): Cytisus oromediterraneus, Cytisus scoparius, Festuca lambinonii, Pteridium aquilinum.

Diagnosis: Cevenno-Pyrenean meso-supratemperate humid silicicolous shrubby brooms forest matle community, dominated by Cytisus oromediterraneus or Cytisus scoparius; it could be considered as geovicarious of West Pyrenean and Orocantabric Genistion polygaliphyllae or Subatlantic Sarothamnion scoparii Tüxen in Preising 1949.

Remarks: Plantagini holostei-Cytisetum purgantis Arnaud, Gamisans & Gruber in Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 40(1): 198. 1983, from Massif Central of France, belongs to this alliance. The name of this association should be corrected into Plantagini holostei-Cytisetum oromediterranei, because Cytisus purgans auct. is in accord with Cytisus oromediterraneus Rivas Mart., T.E. Díaz, Fern. Prieto, Loidi & Penas.

Prunello hastifoliae-Cytisetum scoparii Susplugas 1942 nom. mut. (65.6.1)

[ass à Sarothamus scoparius et Prunella hastifolia Susplugas, Sol Vég. Haut Vallespir (Pyr. Or.): 93, tb. 5. 1942 (art. 45)]

Distribution: Eastern Pyrenean meso-lower supratemperate humid.

Senecioni adonidifolii-Cytisetum oromediterranei (Rivas-Martínez 1968) nom. nov. hoc loco (65.6.2)

[Cytisetum purgantis pyrenaicum Rivas-Martínez in Publ. Inst. Biol. Aplicada 44: 39, tb. 7. 1968 (art. 34, 39, 43), Senecioni adonidifolii-Cytisetum purgantis (Rivas-Martínez 1968) Gruber 1978 nom. inval. (art. 1)]

Typus associatio: Rivas-Martínez in Publ. Inst. Biol. Aplicada 44: 39, tb. 7, rel. 10. 1968 (lectotypus). [Gerona: Collada de Tossas, vertiente meridional, coluvión de ranker y tierra parda sobre pizarras silúricas, 42º 20'N-2º 0,5'E. 1680 m, S, 20%, 40 m2]. Characteristic species: 3 Cytisus oromediterraneus (sub Cytisus purgans), 3 Deschampsia flexuosa, 3 Juniperus communis var. intermedia (sub Juniperus communis subsp. hemisphaerica). Companion species: 2 Agrostis capillaris, 1 Helleborus foetidus, Cuscuta epithymum, + Festuca eskia, + Festuca gautieri, + Fragaria vesca, + Hieracium pilosella, + Pinus sylvestris, + Potentilla micrantha, + Rubus idaeus, + Senecio adonidifolius, + Thymus gr. serpyllum.

Characteristic species (territorials): Cytisus oromediterraneus, Cytisus scoparius, Senecio adonidifolius.

Distribution: Eastern Pyrenean upper supratemperate humid-hyperhumid seldom submediterranean.

Stellario gramineae-Pteridietum aquilini O. Bolòs in Veg. Montseny: 114. 1983 (65.6.3)

Distribution: Montsignatic meso-supratemperate humid-subhumid occasionally submediterranean.

[Rivas-Martínez, Cantó & Sánchez-Mata]

Cytiso oromediterranei-Genistetum obtusirameae ass. nova hoc loco (65.3.6)

(Genistion polygaliphyllae, Cytisetalia scopario-striati, Cytisetea scopario-striati)

Typus associatio: Table 33, rel. 9 [León: Boca de Huérgano, Llánaves de la Reina, from Vega de Tarna to Collada de Robadoiro. 30TUN5767. 1680 m, N, 10%, 50 m2].

Characteristic species (territorials): Avenella iberica, Cytisus oromediterraneus, Genista obtusiramea, Juniperus communis subsp. nana.

Diagnosis: Altocarrionese and Ubinnean, orotemperate and high supratemperate hyperhumid broom communities (piornales), with continental character, at the upper altitudinal limit of the Genistion polygaliphyllae. They form the broom mantle of the upper horizon of the sessile oak forests (Linario triornithophorae-Quercetum petraeae), of the acidophilous beech forests (Blechno spicant-Fagetum sylvaticae), and of the climatophilous or permanent subalpine (orotemperate) birch woods (Luzulo-Betuletum celtibericae). Floristically, it differs from its vicarious associations Cytiso cantabrici-Genistetum obtusirameae, Genistetum obtusirameo-polygaliphyllae and Cytisetum scopario-oromediterranei by the coexistence of Genista obtusiramea, Cytisus oromediterraneus, Juniperus alpina, Avenella iberica and other subalpine elements, and also by the absence or rarity of Cytisus scoparius, Cytisus cantabricus and Genista polygaliphylla. It also differs from orotemperate hyperhumid Carici asturicae-Genistetum obtusirameae by the absence of Phalacrocarpon oppositifolium, Pterospartum cantabricum and Vaccinium myrtillus.

Table 33

65.3.6 Cytiso oromediterranei-Genistetum obtusirameae
(Genistion polygaliphyllae, Cytisetalia scopario-striati, Cytisetea scopario-striati)

Other species. Characteristic species: Pteridium aquilinum + in 11. Companion species: Festuca eskia 1 in 3 and 5. Hieracium pilosella 1 in 4 and 7. Agrostis capillaris 3 in 4, 1 in 8. Silene nutans + in 7, 1 in 11. Daphne cantabrica + in 8 and 9. Sedum hirsutum 1, Rumex suffruticosus +, Trisetum hispidum + in 2. Rumex angiocarpus 1 in 3. Jasione brevisepala 1, Teesdaliopsis conferta + in 5. Hypochoeris radicata +, Sedum brevifolium + in 6. Anthoxanthum odoratum +, Fragaria vesca +, Polygala vulgaris +, Viola riviniana + in 7. Festuca microphylla 1, Armeria deveaui +, Bromus erectus +, Helleborus occidentalis +, Sanguisorba minor + in 8. Rhamnus alpina + in 9. Luzula lactea +, Rosa pimpinellifolia + in 10. Conopodium majus 1, Teucrium scorodonia 1, Arenaria montana +, Digitalis purpurea +, Melampyrum pratense + in 11.

Localities: 1. León: Boca de Huérgano, Barniedo de La Reina, Peñas Zahurdias. 30TUN5361. W, 20%, 60 m2. 2. León: Boca de Huérgano, Llánaves de La Reina, Macizo de Coriscao, El Cascajal. 30TUN5571. SE, 20%, 30 m2. 3. León: Boca de Huérgano, Valverde de La Sierra, Espigüete, Collado de Mazobres. 30TUN5257. W, 3%, 60 m2. 4. León: Boca de Huérgano, Barniedo de La Reina, Valle de Valponguero. 30TUN5262. NE, 10%, 50 m2. 5. León: Boca de Huérgano, Llánaves de La Reina, Sierra de Orpiñas. 30TUN5566. S, 20%, 20 m2. 6. León: Boca de Huérgano, Llánaves de La Reina, Macizo de Coriscao, El Cascajal. 30TUN5571. S, 30%, 30 m2. 7. León: Boca de Huérgano, Llánaves de La Reina, from Vega de Tarna to Collada de Robadorio. 30TUN5767. NW, 5%, 50 m2. 8. León: Boca de Huérgano, Valverde de La Sierra, Base de Espigüete, Los Coladillos. 30TUN5156. SW, 5%, 30 m2. 9. Holotypus ass. León: Boca de Huérgano, Llánaves de La Reina, from Vega de Tarna to Collada de Robadorio. 30TUN5767. N, 10%, 50 m2. 10. León: Boca de Huérgano, Llánaves de La Reina, macizo de Coriscao, Collado de La Guarda. 30TUN5670. E, 30%, 50 m2. 11. León: Boca de Huérgano, Llánaves de La Reina, Sierra de Orpiñas, El Horno. 30TUN5666. SW, 30%, 50 m2. 12. Synthesized table.

[R. Alonso, Puente, Penas & F. Salegui]

Cytiso villosi-Telinetalia monspessulanae ordo novus hoc loco (65b)

(Cytisetea scopario-striati)

Typus ordo: Telinion monspessulano-linifoliae all. nova hoc loco.

Characteristic species: Cytisus villosus, Teline linifolia, Teline monspessulana.

Diagnosis: West Mediterranean: Tirrenian, Maghrebian, Aljibic and Catalonian-Provençal, broomy forest mantle communities, growing on siliceous humic soils without gleyic or stagnic properties, in thermo-mesomediterranean subhumid-humid as seral of Quercus ilex, Quercus suber or Quercus canariensis forests (Quercetalia ilicis).

Telinion monspessulano-linifoliae all. nova hoc loco (65.7)

Typus alliancia: Cytiso baetici-Telinetum monspessulanae ass. nova hoc loco.

Characteristic species: Cytisus arboreus, Cytisus baeticus, Cytisus catalaunicus, Cytisus malacitanus, Cytisus striatus subsp. megalanthus, Cytisus striatus subsp. welwitschii.

Diagnosis: The only alliance known, see order.

Cytiso baetici-Telinetum monspessulanae ass. nova hoc loco (65.7.1)

Typus associatio: Cádiz: Parque Natural de los Alcornocales, Puerto de Galis. 36º 34' N-5º 33' W. SE, 400m, 20m2. Characteristic species: 3 Teline monspessulana, 2 Cytisus baeticus, 2 Teline linifolia, 1 Adenocarpus telonensis, 1 Erica arborea, 1 Pteridium aquilinum. Companion species: 1 Crataegus brevispina, + Digitalis purpurea subsp. bocquetii, + Rubus ulmifolius, + Teucrium scorodonia subsp. baeticum, + Ulex borgiae.

Characteristic species (territorials): Cytisus baeticus, Teline linifolia, Teline monspessulana.

Diagnosis: Thermo-mesomediterranean humid-hyperhumid communities, characteristic of the biogeographic Aljibic Sector (Gaditan-Algarvian Subprovince, Coastal Lusitan-Andalusian Province), formed by broom like microphyllous microphanerophytes, growing on deep siliceous soils with mull humus without gleic character. They constitute the Genisteae border, or second dynamic stage of substitution, of the ombrophilous forests of the cork oak series (Teucrio baetici-Quercetum suberis) or african gall-oaks (Rusco hypophylli-Quercetum canariensis). The association is well characterized in the territory by Cytisus baeticus, Cytisus striatus subsp. welwitschii, Teline linifolia and Teline monspessulana.

Cytiso villosi-Ericetum arboreae Zéller 1959 nom. mut. (65.7.2)

[Cytiso triflori-Ericetum arboreae Zéller in Pirineos 47-50: 59, tb. 9. 1959 (art. 45)]

Distribution: Vallesan-Empordanese (Ruscinic and North Catalanidic) mesomediterranean subhumid-humid.

[Rivas-Martínez, Galán & Cantó]